Governance And Leadership Of Project Management Commerce Essay

Goernance And leaders Of mark Management Commerce EssayThe purpose of this document is to describe and gauge the arrangement grammatical construction and leadership approaches currently adopted by the LEGO radical suggest new or additional boldness bodily structures and leadership approaches that could remedy the familys performance and a reflection on the propositions made in the latter(prenominal) half of this document.Table of ContentsBackground1The LEGO Group is a family own meet manufacturing corporation opened by a Danish carpenter-turned- coquetmaker Ole Kirk Kristiansen during the great drop-off in 1932. The order manufactured wooden toys because of the declining demand for building houses and furniture. In 1934 Ole combined the Danish words leg godt meaning play closely to form LEGO. Ole founded LEGO with the motto Only the best is good enough (he garden truckd toys apply high quality materials and workmanship) which is still use by the LEGO Group as a gui ding principle.In 1947, after World War II, LEGO acquired a plastic mould injection machine, which allowed LEGO to expand its business operations to produce a relatively large volume of plastic and wooden toys, resulting in the carrefourion of the first LEGO bricks. In 1954, Godtfred Kirk Kristiansen (one of Oles sons), found an opportunity to create toy products that were able to connect with products in the toy manufacturing industry, resulting in the birth of LEGO play-sets. In 1958, LEGO patented the improved LEGO brick invention, also the year when Godtfred took over the political party receivable to the death of his father.Between the 1960s and 2000s LEGO continuously grew into one of the adult males top largest toy manufactures, by expanding with international sales, new innovative play-sets, sports and media licence acquisitions (i.e. franchise films, basketball, hockey, soccer), LEGO cartridge subscriptions, erecting a LEGOLAND theme-park, launching a LEGO website, a nd LEGO videogames. However, in the early 2000s, the attach to experienced a decline in sales and addition in 2003 revenues dropped 30% and continued another 10% in 2004. To overcome this crisis LEGO underwent a disposal change to resolve the problems in the pre-existing oversight.In 2004, Jrgen Vig Knudstrop (the director of strategic development) replaced the CEO at the time, and in his first natural action as CEO he arranged a team to disassemble the companys supply chain operations, from product development to production and scattering. The team detect that although the newer products represented a large portion of annual revenues, newer coevals play-sets were more(prenominal) than than e laboratoryorately designed and generated less profit product designers were creating products without total friendliness for material and production costs designers used their own vendors resulting in LEGO having to direct with over 11,000 suppliers inefficiencies in the organisat ion of the plastic mould injection machines, since separately machine was capable of producing every type of LEGO brick retooling was required, causing naptimes resulting production facilities operational at 70% capacity.To bring the company back on pursue the team reduced their product line where indispensable as healthy as reduce the selection of colours for designs by half used production costs of each brick to reduce expensive products, in-turn reducing the total of suppliers needed by 80% designers were shown the impact of using existing bricks over creating new ones for future designs certain plastic mould injection machines were designate specific LEGO bricks on scheduled cycles to reduce downtimes and retooling costs. These changes to product development, production and distri justion implemented by Knudstrops leadership resulted in the LEGO Group earning a profit of $72 million in 2005, with profits increasing by 240% in 2006.Introduction2The LEGO Group is a priv ately held company based in Denmark. The company is currently owned by the 3rd and 4th generations of the Kirk Kristiansen macrocosm family Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen (Oles grandson) and his three children. Ownership of the company is handled through KIRKBI (an investment company) and the LEGO Foundation KIRKBI owns 75% darn the remain 25% is held by the LEGO Foundation. As of 2012, the LEGO Group manufactures toys in more than 130 countries, has approximately 10,000 employees and is the third largest manufacturer of toys in the world (in terms of sales) after Mattel and Hasbro.Governance3The LEGO Groups approach to governance is focused on combining the strengths and benefits of private self-control with the applicable elements from good unified governance for listed companies (Jensen, 2012). The certain requirements from listed companies (from the Danish Stock Exchange) are not all harmonious for a family-owned company (Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen is majority shareholder) while recom mendations of corporeal governance structure and jury composition still apply.The LEGO Group maintains the importance of having a absolute and competent board of directors, especially because of family-ownership. To subscribe this, the company elects a head among independent board members to ensure professional board management. This process is regulate via ensuring a diverse and complementary board composition regular board self-assessments competitive compensation and clear specific rules mandated for each management body. universe a family owned company, the LEGO Group is exposed to risk through the handover of ownership across generations. The mediation dodge is to highly involve the next generation in company matters pertaining to ownership.Organisational StructureThe LEGO Group uses a hierarchical top-down structure with five separate departments (see Appendix A, pp. 8), this structure centralises the companys management to a operable management structure which continu es the authority with unified management the corporate management consists of the CEO, the CFO and four executive director Vice Presidents (The LEGO Group, 2010, pp. 7). The centralised functional management structure ensures consistency in organisations, as a express number of persons are in charge causing romps to be alter allowing employees to be highly specialised in their work since specialisation leads to operational efficiencies where employees become specialists within their own realm of expertise (BusinessMate, 2010).This form of governance however, can result in slow conclusiveness-making processes as decisions must move on through bureaucracy in order to get through to corporate management (Riley, 2012). A disadvantage of functional management structures is that it facilitates rigid conference between employees and corporate management employees can feel unheard and excluded from decisions that direct affect them. This lack of involvement can be detrimental to t he job satisfaction, motivation and productivity of the employees (Jones and George, 2006, pp. 53-54).LeadershipThe current CEO (Knudstorp) emphasises a modify and innovative-oriented approach in contrast to the existing structure. To implement this combined scheme Knudstorp uses a managing at eye level approach, which he dressd as creation able to talk to people on the factory floor, to the engineers, to marketers being at home with everyone (OConnell, 2009). Knudstorp turn overs this through a relaxation of the top-down management modal value, allowing righteousness and decision making to be pushed as far down the hierarchy as possible (OConnell, 2009), much like McGregors (1960) Theory Y where collaboration within the company relies on leaders recognising the potential of their resources and how to piddle that potential. Through the realisation of the Knudstorps leadership style the LEGO Group moved remote from a hierarchical organisational structure to a flatter one wi th cross-functional teamwork, employee involvement, more open communication lines and styles. With open communication where all the members of the company are in contact with each other in some expressive style or another the company is able to turn in a stronger intelligence of community. The LEGO Group communicates its attitude to the responsibility of its employees through communication, health safety, people and burnish policies and promises.Link between Project and Corporate Strategy4The LEGO Group uses an mental hospital matrix a tool developed within the company to protagonist identify, allocate resources and coordinate varied innovation activities (projects) for developing new products. The strategic coordination of innovation activities is led by a cross-cultural team the Executive Innovation Governance Group (EIGG), they determine LEGOs innovation goals and strategy define the new product portfolio coordinate innovation activities ensuring they are mutually rei nforcing deputise authority allocate resources and evaluate results to ensure that all innovation activities support the corporate strategy. Using the innovation matrix allows LEGOs management to understand what resources to allocate, risks to manage and selecting who is responsible for reviewing the innovation activities.The company divides its innovation activities into eight distinct types, and distributes the responsibility for them across four different areas of the company functional groups concept lab product and marketing development community, education, and direct. Overseen by the EIGG, the four areas work to achieve innovation activities (projects) that mutually reinforce each other while providing different degrees of innovativeness back to the company.Relationship with Stakeholders/ShareholdersThe LEGO Group emphasises a strong focus on ensuring the balance of the value created for the owners in comparison to the value creation for the remaining stakeholders such as c onsumers, employees, customers and other partners. The company believes that creating value for the companys stakeholders will result in long term value creation for the owners.It is important for us to engage in respectful stakeholder dialogue by being frank and ensuring an open and honest dialogue. It is fundamental to us that the relationship between our company and our host communities are based on trust, mutual respect, and a cooperative spirit. (Jensen, 2012).Shareholder RelationshipThe CEO is the head of the company, but it is a family-owned company controlled by Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen, the majority shareholder of KIRKBI the investment company with 75% control of the LEGO Group (The LEGO Group, 2012). Due to this power structure, the central management does not dumbfound full control, meaning that final decision do not rest solely on the CEO, but with influence from the family shareholder.Internal StakeholdersDue to the organisational structure, employees have to report bac k to their respective managers. However, under Knudstorps leadership the looser control governing body provides employees more influence a factor which can work as a motivator. The employees in the LEGO Group are the building blocks of our triumph today. We attempt to improve the well-being and job satisfaction of our employees. (Jensen, 2012).External StakeholdersIn 2005, Knudstorp place the significance of customer involvement in the product development process. Knudstorp found that the adult enthusiasts could articulate the product strengths and weaknesses that young children whitethorn sense but cant express (OConnell, 2009). The LEGO Group actively engages customers to participate in the design and creation of new products and ideas. Although they lose come control over its system, the company gains knowledge from its most valued consumers.Suggested Governance and LeadershipIn 2009, Knudstorp express that the company was pursuing organic growth, and needed to change leade rship style again to continue building sales volume. Knudstorp asserted that the change is necessary as the company had become risk averse while focusing on survival, and that they needed to become opportunity driven, which requires taking greater risks (OConnell, 2009). In 2011, Hasbro, one of the companys major competitors planned to launch a new product called the Kre-O, which was designed to be compatible with LEGO bricks (Anderson, 2011). This poses a significant threat to the company due to the size and brad power of Hasbro. To mitigate threats such as competition from new/existing sources, it is important for the LEGO Group to change its governance structure to help the company formulate a corporate strategy that allows the company to maintain market dominance and financial stability/success in the future.GovernanceCurrently the LEGO Group has combined the conduct and impression oriented approach in the overall governance of the company behaviour oriented organisations are indifferent to whether projects are managed in-house or externally so long as the process conforms with the companys policies outcome oriented organisations manage projects internally through employees with a wider skillset (Mller, 2009). The LEGO Group works with both internal and external designers as well as customers in product development (behaviour orientation) while having a board member or the EIGG overseeing the project management, and ensuring it fits in with the corporate strategy (outcome orientation).According to Mller (2009) there are four governance paradigms, the flexible economist, versatile artist, conformist and agile pragmatist. The LEGO Group currently waterfall under the versatile artist paradigm where the company prioritises the diverse substance abuser take using project management methods to realise the requirements of a frame of stakeholders, as well as promoting high productivity. However, the company needs to move to a more behaviour oriented agile pra gmatist paradigm, which also accounts for the needs of the diverse stakeholders, but allows for products to develop from core functionality to intromit additional features to fire the flexibility and user-friendliness, especially when dealing with the gaming and computer entertainment products which include successful franchises such as LEGO Star Wars, LEGO Batman and LEGO Harry Potter (The LEGO Group, 2012).LeadershipAlthough the current leadership style within the company is flatter with more open communication lines, the leadership is still quite bureaucratic, albeit the authority for decision making has been pushed down the hierarchy as much as possible, the structure remains top-down. The LEGO Group needs to be more flexible in their leadership approach, which according to Frame (2003) and Mller (2009) bureaucratic leadership is the least flexible leadership style of the four laissez-faire, democratic, autocratic and bureaucratic. The company may experience better performance if a democratic approach was adopted, as it allows for additional flexibility and builds on the existing flatter communication style. reflection factor

Composition Of Consumer Co Operative Societies

Composition Of Consumer Co Operative SocietiesConsumers be unorganized and therefore exploited by traders in value, quality and weight. Consumer co-operatives protects the touchs of consumers against artificial scarcity, all over charging of prices, return of sub standard goods and the unfair trade practices distorted by private traders.DefinitionMaharashtra Co-operative Societies Act, 1960, defines consumer co-operative society as a society, the object of which isThe procurement, issue or processing and the dissemination of goods to or, the per realizeance of separate serve for its members as likewise other consumers,The dispersal among its members and nodes, of the profit occurring from such(prenominal)(prenominal) procurement, harvest-homeion, processing and dispersion ar in proportion as prescribed by rules or bye-laws of the society.A consumer co-operative society is basically formed for the promotion of the interests of the consumers.Composition of consumer co -operative societies study Co-operative Consumers conspiracy (1)State Co-operative Consumers Federation (28)Departmental Stores (Apna bazar)Wholesale / Central Stores (681) master(a) Consumer Co-operative Stores (26469)University College Consumers StoresConsumers Stores of Industrial WorkersConsumers Stores for Rural PopulationObjectives of consumer co-operativesTo educate the consumers to keep their needs at bottom the income limit.Stabilization of market rates.To make out the goods and services regularly at rational costs.To protect the consumers from char marketing, add-on in market rates, scarcity, cheating and adulteration.To supply proper unadulterated goods and to use proper measurement (weighing scales).To inculcate the employment of savings and economy among the consumers.To control the profit-making tendencyNeed and importance of consumer co-operatives allow for of things and services as per needs-The consumer co-operative societies argon formed to foregather the needs goods and services as demanded by the consumers. There be directly contracts with producers and manufacturers of things and required goods be grease adepts palmsd directly from them, thereby the consumers terminate be supplied with the goods as demanded.Eradication of malpractices of traders-It is rear that there ar many malpractices in trading like black marketing, artificial scarcity, cheating in measurements, hoarding, and so on proper measurements are non used whereby the consumer mystifys ultimate victim of all these malpractices by the traders. There is no center for all these things in co-operative consumer societies and so the consumers are attracted towards them.Necessity of eonIndia has adopted financial planning and there is importance for public distribution of essentialities of livelihood. The consumer co-operative societies help the government in distributing these essentialities to rural and urban areas of our country. These societies have become very important day by day. Since these societies have been entrusted the job distribution, the consumers are saved from financial exploitation and hardship.Establishment of proper trading system of rulesThe consumer co-operative societies supply good quality of things at reasonable cost by using right measurement and pure things. Hence from the viewpoint of customers these societies are very important.Eradication of traders chainThere is long chain in amid the producers and consumers. The things are sold at higher cost to consumers because the middlemen supply their give birth profit and expenses. The consumer co-operative societies directly purchase the goods from the producers and chain of middleman can be avoided.Apna fairApna funfair is probably the oldest and largest consumer co-operative multi- pass on society with a customer base of over 12 lakhs. The Rs 140-crore retail chain, that, for over 55 days remained largely middle- signifier, Apna funfair has 80 outlets in Mu mbai, Thane and the neighbouring Konkan region. It has recently opened its first-year keep going outside the state in Goa. It recorded a employee turnover of Rs 127 crore for the year 2003-04.Apna bazaar, the synonym for the basic needs,Brand name ofMumbai Kamgar Madhyavarti Grahak Sahakari Mandal LtdDate of internalization9th May 1948ConstitutionMulti State Co-operative SocietySectorPrivate laborRetailingRegistered Office106-A, Govingi Keni Road, Naigaon, Dadar East, Mumbai 400014Role of Apna fairApna bazaar plays a rattling role by market intervention during the shortages of essential commodities. The distribution of these items is interpreted up by the Apna bazaar at a loss to carry out its social commitments. At times of need, Apna carnival has diverted its manpower and re descents, scour at the cost of its own commercial interest, for the public good.Objectives of Apna funfairTo admit wholesale and retail distribution of consumer goods and essential commodities and to establish department storesTo surrogate the growth products and new-fangled manufacturing units through market support and management adviceTo glare distribution costs and to introduce fair and better trading practices such as fixed prices etc andEradication of malpractices of traders black marketing, artificial scarcity, cheating in measurements, adulteration, etc.Necessity of time public distribution of essential commodities in rural and urban areas.Elimination of middlemen.Management and OrganizationApna carnival is headed by a management team up comprising a chairman, vice chairman and Hon secretaries. The team largely provides direction to the organization and is non involved in the casual affairs. The day-to-day affairs are managed by an executive team, which consists of a full general manager, additional general manager and office bearers of the organization. revealletApna funfair has a customer base of over 12 lakhs. Apna Bazaar has 80 outlets in Mumbai, Thane and the neighbouring Konkan region. It has recently opened its first shop outside the state in Goa.The break up of the stores isItems Sold By Apna BazaarApna Bazaar has the following three main categories of itemsAgro productsBranded productsRural productsApna Bazaar sells an immense configuration of items through its dissimilar departments/retail outlets. These are described below furnitureAll type of wooden furniture, steel furniture library furniture, in secureary furniture, revolving chairs, computer furniture, mattresses, pillows, sofa cushion.HouseholdSteel utensils, aluminum utensils, non stock, gas stoves, locks, mixer-grinder, juice-cum-mixer grinder, hot- campaigns, means heater, room convector, geysers, all type of fans, electrical goods, washing machine, air-conditioners, water cooler, potency stabilizer, generator set, crockery, flasks, plastic items, electrical bulb/tubes and tube fittings, table lamp, taking into custody light, cell, torch, electric wire, desert co oler, exhaust fans.FootwearShoes, sandals, ladies purse, belt, umbrella, school, bag, suit cases, brief cases, bear down box, file bag, luggage bag.TextileWoolen suiting, tericot suiting and shirting, blanket, blazer, bed-sheets, pillow cover, trim material, all types of sarees, markein cloth, long cloth, v oil colour, mulmul khadi etc.HandloomTowels, dusters, curtain cloth, bed-covers, carpets, quilt, durries, jute matting, blankets, pillow covers, door-mats, premature ventricular contraction flooring.Ready Made GarmentsPants, shirts, at a lower placegarments, socks, sweaters, leather jackets, ladies suits, petticoats, children garments, rain coats, over-coats, mosquito mat, curtain tapes, machine oil, raxine.letter newsprintAll types of duplicating, typing, photocopies paper, printing paper, all types of rules registers in different sizes peon books, dhak pads, pens, pencils, pen stands, eraser, markers, sign pens, gum-bottles scales, colours, art material, sealing wax, white fluid, sutle, stencil and nose candy paper, all type of computer stationery, butter paper, crepe paper, glaze paper, chart paper, file covers, log books, all type of printed forms (Govt. offices), PVC sheet for spine purposes, transparency sheets, ledgers, cash books calculators, computer floppy, fax roll, typewriting ribbon, ammonia paper rolls.WatchesWatches of reputed companies like Titan.Grocery ToiletriesPulses, spices, atta, rice, oils, tea leaves, and various other edible items, insecticides, disinfectants, phenyle, detergents, soaps, cosmetics, meander rolls and napkins etc. checkup Surgical EquipmentAll types of medicines, medical surgical equipment etc.Members BenefitsDividend on handles at 12% to individuals, society and government.Purchase rebate on share amount 10% distributively year.Attractive rate of interest up to 9% on fixed deposit by the members.Facilities Offered By Apna Bazaar to ConsumersApna Bazaar provides the following facilities to consumers Quali ty products at reasonable prices. compartmentalisation of items under one roof.24 hours drugs outlets.Self-service reverberationsItems of high quality tested by its quality- testing laboratory.Display boards and price lists at various counters to adjustment the customer to make his/her choice.Home delivery, but this facility is only for sale for purchase from branches.Discount sales periodically on various items mendingThe location for the store is selected taking in consideration the residential race in the area, the standard of living of the mint, the amount of business the other shops are doing and similarly future development that are likely to take enjoin in that area in future.Area coveredApna Bazaar has 80 outlets in Mumbai, Thane and the neighbouring Konkan region. It has recently opened its first shop outside the state in Goa. However the density of Apna Bazaar is high in Naigoan and Chembur distance requiredThe minimum requirement of area for setting up Apna Bazaa r is1000 sq.feet. The Brobdingnagiangest store is at Vashi, which is spread across 27000 sq.feet.Target segmentsThe store was started memory in mind the debase middle crystalize section of the society. besides gradually it has moved up the consumer ladder with the inclusion of the middle class as its target consumer. Now slowly it is drawing the upper class towards it. It now caters to almost all the segments of the society depending on the location. In magnitude to attract the upper class to combat growing competition in the retail industry it is making changes in its product-mix.Change in product MixThe above table indicates decline in the sales of Rice, Wheat, Pulses etc which shows the change in the nourishment culture/consumption pattern of the consumer. It indicates that the consumers inclination towards ready-to-eat food is increasing. Taking this into consideration Apna Bazaar had do has made appropriate changes in its Product Mix. Slowly the Percentage of food grai ns, pulses has declined and that of FMCG products has increased. In a couplet of years the percentage of poultry products in the product mix would increase whereas that of food grains pluses etc. would decline. This would further change the product -mix of Apna Bazaar.Store LayoutLayout of shop Apna Bazaar does non have any specific layout of shop. But in most of outlet the 1st division you would come out is Vegetable, Fruit, Medical product, food grains, and FMCG product. The only think that is kept under consideration that sinister Product like 5kg. Sugar, 10kg. Wheat, 5 ltr. Oil is near cash counter for convenience of customer. In case of display they see to it that display at entrance is very colorful attractive. Hence they display cosmetics FMCG product. Besides product, which is new to the market, are also displayed to grab attention of consumerProduct DisplayThe chumps are displayed in a very attractive manner .The decision to place a Brand on a special(prenominal) sha ll depends upon the Market share enjoyed by the company /Brand. Usually there are 5 Shelves. Out of which 2nd, 3rd 4th shelves are most important ones on which the spot with high market share or high brand justness are placed. These products are always in demand by the customers.FootfallsIn striking stores, like the departmental store at Andheri, there are 2000 to 3000 footfalls in a day (on weekdays) on weekends there are close to 3000 to 3500 footfalls. In small outlets there are around 100 footfalls on regular days .On weekends there are 200 to 250 footfalls. The footfalls are much than especially on Sunday.The footfalls are more in evening between 6.30pm. 8.30pm .Whereas the footfalls are comparatively low during the afternoon slot of 1.30-3.30 pm. Keeping this in mind stores are closed down during this time. In this time the lag are rearrange the merchandise in the store. Sources of IncomeRetailing is their core practise and a major part of their income come from the various retail outlets.They supply commodities like Dal, Pulses, Food grains, Cereals to Govt. Institutions, Hospitals for their Canteens. A 30 Days extension is disposed to them.They also earn income from the company racks that they display in their outlets. These racks contain the products of the particular company and the in turn pays Apna Bazaar for displaying these racks. E.g. Maggie, Colgate, Pepsodent, Vicks, Nescafe etc.They provide lacuna to companies e.g. MEPL (Electronic goods) in order to display and sell their goods by charging rent for seat provided.They have 37 Franchise outlets, which act as a source of income for Apna Bazaar as Apna Bazaar supplies 70% of goods.Provide place to banks for opening night ATM center by charging rent since almost all the outlets are owned by Apna bazaar.MetLife India signed an agreement with Apna Bazaar Co-operative for selling life insurance policies. Based on the agreement, Apna Bazaar Co-operative shall become corporate agents f or MetLife India and allege MetLife India products to its huge customer base. Henceforth Apna Bazaar provide enable its customers to underframe financial freedom through MetLife India products based on need analysis. Apna Bazaar will receive a commission of 35% on bountifulness amount.ExportsApna Bazaar is a 55 year old co-operative organization with US $ 37 million annual turnover through 07 departmental stores, 06 passing markets 65 retail outlets.Apna bazaar used to trade commodities like fish and grapes to Europe. In spite of good earnings on exports they have give up the exports from this year .Thus the reasons for the discontinuation were collectable toThe goods were seasonal in nature.In case of grapes the Jalgoan region in which grapes where cultivated was hit by drought, thereby by affecting the production of grapes.Besides the grapes were sprayed with certain chemicals which were banned in the European countries, thereby further affecting the exports.Besides expo rts is not Apna Bazaars core operation therefore the decision to discontinue exports was taken.SWOT AnalysisStrengthsGoodwill-Apna Bazaar has make its image over the years as a value for notes store, which supplies good quality goods at economical price.Number of Outlets-Apna Bazaar has 80 outlets spread all over Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, Thane and the neighbouring Konkan region, Lanza (Bombay-Goa road), among other places in Maharashtra. All these areas are easily accessible as public transportation is available. Hence providing lightsome accessibility to the customers.Team work-Although there is no training imparted to the employees at the outlets, there is co-ordination and understanding between them due to which the work goes on smoothly creating a win-win situation for both, the management and the employees.Modernization-Apna Bazaar makes use of young technology to corroborate correct supplier bills and giving accurate bills to customers giving details of each purchase and mos t importantly showing him the savings he has made epoch purchasing from Apna Bazaar. They also possess total details of their sales and the percentage of sales in each category so they accredit where the sales are high and where they are lagging behind.Genuine Products-The products of Apna Bazaar are genuine as they purchase it directly from the companies. Lots of imitations of consumables such as honey, oil, etc. are available in many stores. commonwealth get cheated, as it is not easy to identify them.CRM-Apna Bazaar organizes a customer meet for their regular customers called MELAVDA at their anniversary to build stronger traffic with their customers. On this day, the customers are offered purchase discounts which show that they have taken disciplinal steps towards customer satisfaction.WeaknessesCapital-Raising capital for expansion and improvement is also a constraint. Apna Bazaar is bounded by the laws of consumer co-operatives due to which they cannot raise finances from open market. There is also limit prescribed by the consumer co-operatives for second of shares issued by Apna Bazaar. This is a major drawback for Apna Bazaar.Ageing society-Apna Bazar started after mankind War 2 when there was need of essential commodities at lower prices. But, after liberalization many super markets and hypermarkets have opened up due to which there is explosion of choices. Moreover, masses today have the specie to go for convenience shopping, and hence, the purpose for opening the co-operative is defeated.Obstacles in recruitment Apna Bazar does not have the budget to recruit skilled staff. The employees are not considerably educated and hence, they are not aware of the management practices. A qualified employee demands higher salary, which cannot be given by Apna Bazaar due to their constraints. Hence they cannot appoint a MBA a managerial job.No online retail Apna Bazar does not have information close to its products online. They should have their own we bsite as it is very important in todays world. They could even learn intimately customer grievances by the feedback.Price fluctuation Price Fluctuation is a major threat to Apna Bazar. If the product is bought at a higher price is has to be sold at that price only so as not to incur losses. For example, the price of oil fluctuates a lot. So if the price for oil is Rs. 820 for a can when it is purchased, it will be sold at Rs 820 per can even if the price falls to Rs. 800 per can. In this case the oil available from other shops will be cheaper.OpportunitiesBrand building Apna Bazaar can take efforts to build its brand image. For this purpose, a marketing firm can he hired. This will attract more and more people to its outlets. Also, they have upgraded their outlets. This can be the base for attracting more customers as they will soon have all air conditioned stores.Expansion Apna Bazaar can expand its outlets to other states. At present, they have discovered interests from Madhya Pr adesh and Delhi. The understructure is on the anvil.Development in suburbs People are now lamentable in the suburbs infrastructure is developing due to which there is huge strength to attract more customers.Retailing boomRetailing today is not only about selling at the shop, but also about surveying the market, offering choice and experience to consumers, competitive prices and retaining consumers as well. The nerve of supermarkets and convenience stores has been a great effort to communicate the advantages of organized retail to customers.ThreatsMalls-There are a large number of malls that offer discounts the discounts offered by them are as good as those offered by Apna Bazaar because the malls purchase in bulk and can hence afford to give grave discounts to the customers. The customer has an explosion of choices and will prefer shopping at these big malls because of the ambience. They get the complete shopping experience at malls. Hence, malls are a major threat for Apna Baz aar.Competition from other stores in terms of- customer Centric ApproachMost other stores take feedback from the customers in form of grievances, opinions and suggestions. They can find out customer needs and ways to satisfy them.ImageImage of a private retailer is more modern and advanced compared to that of Apna Bazaar. The display is also more attractive in other super markets and hypermarkets compared to Apna Bazaar.Future PlansApna Bazaar plans to open outlets in the new living accommodations colonies coming up in the interior suburbs like Kandivli and Thane.Increasing the distribution reach is a strategy to counter competition the co-operative plans to increase its outlets from 80 at present to about 100 by next year. This would cost department stores, super markets, franchisee outlets and medical stores, both in Maharashtra as well as rest of the country.Apart from that, it has money transfer facility under an arrangement with Western Union money transfer.On the tie-up with HPCL for having Apna Bazaar outlets at the petrol pumps, so far three HPCL pumps have Apna Bazaar outlets and the results are still being analyzed.Apna Bazaar Co-operative has embarked on a restructuring influence and has appointed Darashaw and Company as strategic consultants. The restructuring involves exiting certain business while adding more services, to be provided under its umbrella. The restructuring plan involves exiting out of businesses like export of fish and grapes, milk processing, manufacturing bakery products like biscuits and also pickles papads and spices.Online booking for provisions through the Net and a centralized system to control record are also on the anvil. To begin with the co-operative plans to have a dedicate call center for customers to phone in their requirements, which would then be delivered from the nighest Apna Bazaar outlet. An online presence, on the lines of Sangam Direct-the online initiative of HLL-is under consideration.To ensure minimu m register and maximum rotation, the co-operative is planning to centralize its supply chain management. It is talking to FMCG big league like Tata, Nestle, HLL and PG to ensure rotation without building up much inventory. plot of ground the super markets would be serviced directly by the companies, the requirements of franchisee outlets would be met by Apna Bazaar to ensure better co-ordination.Apna Bazaar operates the Akshay Labh Yojana scheme wherein the customers can deposit Rs. 10,000 at any point of time in the year and get items worthy Rs. 100 per month free. They also have term deposit schemes.Apna Bazaar has also entered into an eCRM tie-up with Venture Infotek, the e-infrastructure solutions provider, whereby Venture Infotek provides the integrated end-to-end solutions, with the shared out infrastructure and payment-as-you-use payment mechanism, without investment in infrastructure.The first thing on Apna Bazaars plans is to work on all 365 days like other big players. Upgrading the skills of their manpower and create vehicle parking facility are also in their agenda. They plan to have a tie-up with Citibank on co-branding. Regarding credit card, they are on the verge of signing a MoU with SBI. As visual merchandising, a new way for presenting the products will be introduced.The National Consumers Co-Operative Federation has approached Apna Bazaar and enquired about the possibility of running department stores under the brand name Apna Bazaar in Delhi and Madhya Pradesh.Apna Bazaar is planning to open other outlet in Goa as they have got a good solution from the supermarket.Recommendations administration interference has had a major effect on the popular setup of Apna Bazaar. Therefore, lesser dependence on government should be opted for.Government should help stores like Apna Bazaar with credit at cheaper interest rates.Apna Bazaar should improve their capital assets by enrolling more members and also introduce more product varieties.In the co ming years, the economy will be prevail by the retailing sector. Times are changing, organizations are changing. Changing jibe to times is inevitable. Apna Bazaar has to change its traditional viewpoints. It should adopt new techniques and repeat change wholeheartedly. Bringing qualitative changes in their skill and especially lookout will help it to survive competition.Apna Bazaar can open one outlet offering all the products it sells in the 80 outlets so that people get all products offered by Apna Bazaar under one roof. early(a) activitiesHealthy child competition for member children.Ayurvedic camp conducted by apna bazaar every year in November.Consumer bulletins are printed and distributed to consumers, which gives them information about various products stored by them.

The Importance Of Smartphones

The Importance Of briskness skirtsThe first ever cell scream was invented by Martin Cooper on April 3rd, 1973, that was sole(prenominal) for two pounds. The height of that phone was 10 borderes, depth 3 inches and the width an inch and a half (Motorcity, 2003). At that age it was the only way to communicate with individually an other(a)(prenominal). And at that snip it was non available to the general population and it was used for the first time only railway linees and government.In 1992, the first Smartphone invented by IBM, f arn as a Simon Smartphone. This was a big breakthrough in the field of engine room and for the requirements of hoi polloi. Because volume want to connect with separately other with in a elegant period of time. It performs possible to send messages and sending netmail to each other with the help of Smartphone. To understand that one technological device could change conclusion of customer, style of living and the whole society. After the inv ention of Smartphone a fulminant change came into being in the human life and finds the way to go ahead in the field of applied science. It is not possible to find anyone without impertinent phone. The smart phone is very essential device because of this you lowlife jaw to your clients, family members and colleagues. In other words a smart phone is excessively known as Personal Computer (PC) with advanced capabilities and functionality.The Importance of SmartphoneWhen discussing the result of new media the splendour of networks argon very essential. With the help of networks the whole dry land is connected with each other. And this is the easiest way to connect with your family members, friends and clients. When almostone is going to corrupt a cell phone he get out think well-nigh the go of his bea, the size of the phone, almost the price of the phone then you wipe out to call a decision to purchase a phone. If consumer purchases a smartphone he volition be very h appy with the functions of smartphone than any other in the market.IT professionals are tasked with developing more(prenominal) applications for smartphones as spherewide consumption continues to larn in 2010 and beyond. When technology professionals design web-based and figurer-based applications, they should consider compatibility with smartphones and other officious devices. galore(postnominal) webmasters already create web content with fluid users in mind. For example, the network giant Yahoo offers a Mobile mesh for phones like the blackberry and iPhone. subroutine of Social MediaSocial media is playing a vital eccentric in the success of martphones, because of social media its possible to manage data, videos, pictures, and other tasks. Facebook, chirrup and MySpace are the example of social media. Social media and smartphones means to connect more and more people online even on mobile.Operating System of SmartphoneIn 2010 the market of smartphone operating arrangi ng changed. For customer and vocationmen the impoetance of smartphone is very essential. Because without smartphone its not possible to keep in cotact with each other, with clients and with family members and friends.Key signs of SmartphoneWi-FiWith the help of this feature you after part connect wireless(prenominal) profits connection. Using Wi-Fi the speed of internet go away be very naughty.Push NotificationBy free energy notification we mean that you rear receive messages, emails and you do not consume to log in to check your account.Social NetworkingSocial Networking means those websites such(prenominal) as Facebook, YouTube and Twitter by which we foundation communicate with each other individually and as well as groups and also potentiometer share photos, videos and album.QWERTY KeyboardQWERTY keyboard is the layout and this keyboard allows you to search and browse the internet and send emails and text.One whitethorn cover a smartphone as one that offers a complet e keyboard with internet and email functionality, and some may only view a smart phone as a phone with a full operating system (OS) and applications. A smartphone is a full-featured mobile phone that comes equipped with the ad hominem information processing system like functionality. So it is the most efficient way of being mobile and carrying your office with you. Most of these phonescome with a camera that supports email capabilities and serves as a complete personal organizer.This is true that the smartphones are the helping hand of the some(prenominal) businessmens. Because of the technological features of mobile phones these are called smart phone. In these days smartphone is a basic demand of every businessman and company. By latest technology it includes to share his idea with their offendners and colleagues. With the help of smart phone we hobo be live match if you are somewhere else it does not matter, breaking news. We put up get help from smart phone like human bod ies.In abutting five years change will lease purport suddenly in smartphones. If we debate last some years approximately phones we will understand that how quickly changes occurred from time to time, therefore in near few years the improvement in technology will take place.PC ReplacementsThe basic change in smartphones in conterminous few years will occur that it starts working like laptops. It means that in future those people who urinate smartphones they do not rent to spoil laptops and personal computers. So smartphones will supersede PC in next five years.Joined DevicesAfter long time finally its become possible to connect devices with each other like bluetooth in PC and in laptop burn connect with smart phones. In next few years it will be possible to know about you that now where are you and what do you want to do because of smart phones. Smart phones will become a single device in next few years yes it is true because the smart phones are moving in a straight fo rward direction.There are alot of confusion because of the salmagundi of mobiles phone and competency. If you want to have a great mobile than smartphone is the trump choice among all. Smartphone is such(prenominal) better than any other mobile phone. If you have smartphone you can move your office with where you want so than you do not need to steal personal computer or laptop because in smartphone there is an operating system like personal computer and laptop, so nowadays most of smartphones are with their camera.Top ten SmartphoneiPhone 3GSThe iPhone 3GS continues to bring unneurotic three incredible products in one A revolutionary phone, a widescreen iPod and a breakthrough Internet device with full web look for and easy e-mail access.HTC DesireHTC have yet again outdone themselves with some other superb smartphone, this time in the form of the HTC Desire Powered by a monstrous 1GHz Snapdragon processor and displayed through a stunning AMOLED 3.7 inch full touchscreen.Sam sung WaveThe Samsung Wave mobile phone allows for a brighter, clearer and less reflective view with the Super AMOLED 3.3 inch wide display touchscreen.blackberry bush 9700The BlackBerry 9700 is jam-packed with all the very best Blackberry features including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, HSDPA, full QWERTY keyboard, 3G technology and Push e-mailBlackBerry 8520Smart, sleek and classy the Blackberry 8520 bending is here to entertain, organise and communicate.Sony Ericsson Xperia X10The first Android mobile phone from Sony Ericsson, the Xperia X10, has a stunning 4 inch touchscreen, 1GHz Snapdragon processor and truly next coevals features, such as Timescape and Mediascape.Sony EricssonVivazThe Sony Ericsson Vivaz mobile phone is here to deliver high performance, responsive touch control, multimedia, entertainment and connectivity, provided how you want it.Memory cardsYou can greatly improve the remembrance of your Smartphone by purchasing a memory card. This allows you to save and store mo re applications, music, photos, videos and more. Your Smartphone can become a multimedia entertainment centre The best thing is, you can fragment the size (or capacity) of the memory card to suit your needs or figure Nearly all Smartphones are compatible with MicroSD memory cards and our memory cards range from 2GB to 8GB.Screen ProtectorsProtect the most expensive part of your smartphone the display, with a screen protector. This essential purchase is cheap but of import and will greatly improve the protection from chips and scratches on your Smartphones screen. Screen protectors are extremely easy to attach to your Smartphones, and once fixed in place, are virtually unnoticeable.Bluetooth HeadsetsWith a Bluetooth headset you can make and take calls on the move, wheresoever you are and keep your hands free Using the Bluetooth connection on your Smartphone, a Bluetooth headset will allow you to talk without needing to hold your phone. This means your Smartphone can be safely sto red in your laptop, purse, bag or pocket compendiousSmartphones are playing very vital role in the world. Without smartphines it is not possible to connect with each other even with members of the same organisation. So it is very clear if you have smartphone then it does not matter you can contact with relatives, friends, clients. And you can move your office any where in the world. As discussed above that smartphones have operating system so then you do not need to buy personal computer and laptop. Because the smartphone gives you that work which personal computer and laptop do. In next five years unspeakable change will occure in smartphones by the improvement of technology. Smartphone will replace personal computer because it has the complete keyboard and many other functions which personal computer has. So it is true that within the next few years smartphones will become the single most important digital device we own.Role of E-commerce in Ebays and Amazons popularityE-commerce is playing very vital role in the popularity of ebay and virago. Because it is only possible to buy goods online from ebay and amazon. Without electronic commerce its not possible for ebay and amazon to reach at this top level. By the help of e-commerce everyone can buy things online without any problem. So it means that without e-commerce ebay and amazon can not acheive the goals and objectives.E-commerce or electronic commerce means purchasing and selling of goods and services and exchanges on the Internet. On Internet with a big success of ecommerce commonly we can say that it is shopping at World Wide Web. Simply we can say that when we do online shopping it is called ecommerce.Types of E-commerceB2B (Business-to-Business)Business-to-Business means that when company dealing with each other like wholesalers selling to retailers, and manufacturers selling to distributors. In this kind of business customer or client will not be included.B2C (Business-to-Consumer)In this kind of b usinesses selling is directly to consumer through cart software.C2B (Consumer-to-Business)In C2B business a consumer put his project online and then different organisation study the consumers needs and then try to get that project. And then consumer selects the company that can do the project.C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)C2C business means that everyone is free to buy and sell from each other by online payment system. Like Amazone and eBay is alive examples of C2C business where alot of movement take place everyday.Role of 2.0 technologies in Ebays and Amazons popularityWeb 2.0 was introduced in 2004 and know as the second generation of the World Wide Web. It does not tinge to a particular type of Web.Examples of 2.0 are listed belowBlogsBlogs means that users can post and upgrade their profile of life on the Web.WikisIt enables the users from the whole world to update and add online content.Social networkingMySpace and Facebook are the present examples by which people can interact w ith their friends and update their own profile.Web applicationBy the help of variety of new applications users can run programs directly in a browser.1. Making moneyOf course. Since the first data-scraping and sniping tools well, wait, make that since eBay first loose its APIs to developers, the eBay development ecosystem has grown with the volume of eBay transactions. eBay sellers sold $60B last year, and the 80,000 developers who helped sellers research, list, and service all those transactions also received their cut.2. Useful technologyeBay has some of the greatest technology and data assets on the web.The technology of eBay and PayPal is useful on a massive scale. PayPal has 70 million users. eBay sees 150 million ludicrous visitors per month, and supports 70 million sellers worldwide.The developer community that provides applications for eBay sellers and buyers uses the eBay APIs to drive as much as 60% of eBay transactions.3. Accessible technologyMark emphasized the importa nce of mobile applications.The eBay iPhone application is a strong start. It is clear that he believes eBay should make a powerful effort to enable mobile usage. eBay and its third-party developers still need to make some breakthroughs to enable accessibility.4. Technology adapted to youToday, your cell phone is a communications device, an entertainment center, a mall, and a social network. Tomorrow, it may also be your wallet. Already you can instantly repay a loan to a friend who has a PayPal account. Soon, In-N-Out Burgers may accept PayPal, and you will be able to pay for your burgers at the counter from your cell phone.PayPal is uniquely adjustable for this kind of use, because it is a single global payment network, with lengthways transaction visibility, good risk protection and fraud detection, integrated with more than 15k banks. PayPal unifies the worlds disparate money systems to enable payments anywhere.The big news in adaptable technology is that the PayPal Developer Program is opening up later in 2009. Third-party developers will use flexible APIs for sending money to create mobile payments applications that will change the way people pay for things.5. Open syllabuseBay released a new developer opportunity today.SM Apps lets developers embed seller applications in ebay.com, just as you can embed applications in Facebook. The difference is that with SM Apps developers can make money, charging a one-time fee or using a subscription sit for use of their application.Because the SM Apps platform uses the Gadgets specification, applications built for eBay can also sour elsewhere on the web, including on other portal pages.The Selling director tool has 270,000 active, paying businesses operating in the U.S. alone. As Mark said, enchantment other platforms are trying to figure out monetization we are set up for you the developer to take a cut, and we hope you will.SummaryE-commerce and Web 2.0 technologies are the way of popularity of ebay and ama zon. Everyone in the world knows about the role of e-commerce and amazon. So in this essay the importance of e-commerce and amazon are discussed in brief. Ebays and amazons popularities are connected with e-commerce and web 2.0 technologies. So it is not possible without e-commerce and web 2.0 technologies that ebay and amazon get popularity. Everyday there are alot of buying and purchasing occurred in daily life and these transaction are increasing day by day, by this we can say that these two are the key factors in the popularity of ebay and amazon.

Quality and Systems Management in McDonalds

bore and Systems Management in McDonaldsMcDonalds, as we both chouse is the worlds mammothst chain of tight provender suppliers. The commerce began in 1940, with a blue eating house Bar B Que run by two brothers motherfucker and Mac McDonald in California. It was a drive way ministrationaurant which dod a limited menu of burgers, fries and so forth Mr. Ray Kroc, a root cup and multi-mixer salesman got an order of multi-mixer from the McDonald brothers. He was impressed by the go downment of the restaurant and came up with the idea of McDonalds Corporation, which was founded in 1955 by Mr. Ray Kroc.The first McDonalds was subject on April 15, 1955 in Illinois. By 1960, he bought the exclusive rights to the name McDonalds. And by 1965, t present were 700 restaurants throughout United States. It was the first time that McDonalds sh ares went public at $22.50 per share.McDonalds opened the first international restaurant in Canada in 1967. In 1974 McDonalds opened its first restaurant in the UK. Today, it has a chain of restaurants in 118 countries around the world. It celebrated its 50th anniversary on 15th April, 2005. ismMr. Kroc had the vision of creating a restaurant system, known for its unison and fiber of nourishment. To arrive at this, he needed his franchisees and suppliers to work with McDonalds and not for McDonalds. He promoted the slogan, In logical argument concern sector for yourself, alone not by yourself. He encouraged entrepreneurship as oftentimes as the commitment to his visions. This has led to the introduction of m each unsanded convergences into the come forth chain, most of which were the contri barelyions of franchisees.If I had a brick for every time Ive repeated the enounce role, Service, Cleanliness and Value, I think Id probably be fit to bridge the Atlantic Ocean with them. -Ray Kroc. This very well illustrates the signifi scum bagce of these four aspects in the excellent execution of the restaurant dish outs at McDonalds. The gauge and cleanliness is unparalleled.But, what is unique in this restaurant chain that has travelled past 50 long time and emerged as a market place involveer and promises to continue the same. vocation ModelMcDonalds task runs on 3 pillarsThe suppliersThe franchiseesThe McDonalds corporation itselfThe business model that the organization costs is Franchisee Model. The gild provides training to the prospective franchisees and operators regarding the ways a McDonalds is run. There is a inquiry and breeding Lab that provides facilities for all trainees to experiment in cooking. McDonalds as a company owns simply 15% of the restaurants. The remaining 85% are taken veneration by the franchisees. There are stringent policies of monitor lizarding the franchisees to check that they are adhering to the McDonalds promises of Quality, Cleanliness, Service and Value offered to its nodes.The Product Consistency across all the outlets is guaranteed by a supplier networked operation and distribution system. This has resulted in consistency not only across the restaurants in a region but world tolerant.The brand building mechanism of McDonalds is not to allow for the needs of the stream market demand, but in addition ensures the brand assess in years to come. The organization ensures that the promises to the nodes are not compromised which ensures repeat business.operations ManagementIt is considered to be the concern of an organization capable of transforming an stimulant to out correct. This transformation is performed by adjacent a particular subroutine. The transformation tail end be applied to diverse categories based on the nature of the business. The three main categories creation clobbers, nodes and information. about of the organizations rely on a combination of these.However, in this particular example, the input is the untoughened materials going into the making of any of the eatables in the restaurant. The dish out is the variation of these products to deliverables. These put to workes are repetitive throughout the organization except for the minor changes resulting collectible to an introduction of a new recipe which, at a ulterior point of time, become repetitive. The output is the finished eatable that is been supplied to an determination user, here the customer.Strategies of Operations ManagementOperations attention plays a very real role in the building up of any organization. The Operations, when put into crop, service the organization strive its fundamental goals. It is well established by the Potters value chain model.Value is the amount the byers are willing to pay for what an organization provides them . . . creating value for buyers that exceeds the cost of doing so is the goal of any generic strategy. Value, quite of cost, must be used in analyzing the free-enterprise(a) position. . . Potter M. (1985) harmonise to Potters analysis, the value chains consi st of basically two activities, viz. basal activities and support activities.The Primary activities are Inbound LogisticsOperationsOutbound Logistics market and SalesServiceThe Support activities are ProcurementTechnology and armmentHuman Resource ManagementOrganization InfrastructureFurther, the operations caution is not constrained to value addition task alone. It is a serve of Planning, Organizing and entertainling of the operations to ensure that the customer blessedness is achieved.Planning and goPlanning is the major step in Operations management. Planning helps serve many another(prenominal) objectives that can contribute to the profit of an organization. Proper mean helps shrink the cost of the production. This is achieved because right measures are taken to ensure handiness of raw materials at reasonable cost even in bleak periods, thus avoiding a stall in the production scenario. More everyplace, proper planning in addition takes care of measures to avoid exc ess production. There is a better supremacy of the immediate payment flow, which can be the expenses incurred and future investment of the profit earned.Moreover, the planning strategies will also help make proper use of on tap(predicate) resources, raw materials as well as military personnel resources. It also mitigates the causes of dissatisfaction among the employees at times of un pass judgment workload and among the customers at times of unexpected handle in the services. some(prenominal) organization would perform to the best of its abilities when the planning is proper and the plans are put into action as well as fulfill control systems are enforced to make sure that the system is tally as per the planned schedule. The control can be go throughed by system or manually monitored by people. It does not matter as long as the processes are being followed without fail.The process is monitored meticulously and the reports are created for every output spring upd. In the fou ntain of our example, the reports would be the profit and the customer feedbacks obtained. These reports are analyzed to detect the deviation from the expected issue. If the deviations are trivial, strict measures are taken at the franchisee level. If the deviations are operative, corrective measures are bodied at an organizational level.The challenge for abstain diet joints akin McDonalds in structuring their strategies are better ways to provide variety of end products to the consumers in large quantities, at the same time maintaining the persona and value of the product and keeping it cost effective.Performance MeasuresSince the fast feed joint McDonalds has a world(prenominal) presence, the competitive priorities can be analyzed on the following parameters.CostQualityDelivery tractabilityServiceCost some(prenominal) customer of a fast solid food joint has respective(a) options to looking at from. This leads to tuff competition for an organization. The cost is s ometimes the major factor influencing a customer choice. The customer in most cases wont be able to distinguish the difference in the cost of the commodities put together to produce the end product. So, the organization needs to make sure that the cost of the end product is lucrative for any prospective customer.Quality The product pure tone also plays a significant role in customer satisfaction. rugged cost ensures initial customer flow, but low cost put together with superior woodland ensures repeat business. The property of product is an contact of the quality in process. The process quality is significant as it takes care of delivering product to the customers worldwide having a uniform experiment and quality. This is very Copernican for fast food joints as their taste is expected by the customers at various geographic locations to be same.Delivery Another major significant priority is the speed of saving. Most of the customers going to a fast food joint are expecte d to be short on time. Hence, they would opt places which have the fastest customer service even at degree load times, like lunch time. But even with the best processes in place, there can be delays due to unanticipated circumstances. McDonalds has schemes in place to avoid customer dissatisfaction on such uncommon situations. They offer the legitimate items for free in case of delay beyond a door time. Some joints provide additional items free of cost too.Flexibility Flexibility can be the variety of products provided to the customer. Since during a peak time, there would be far too many customers ordering a variety of items, the leave chain is well organized to cater to the bringment of each and every customer in the least time possible. Moreover, it also requires the organization to fit to the changing demands of the customers, which may vary based on basically the geographic locations. McDonalds is dominantly a fast food joint which specializes in beef and pork varietie s, but they have a wide reaching of menu for the Asiatic customers, where vegetarian and chicken recipes are more in demand.Service Since fast food joints are a service oriented fabrication where in business depends not only on the above mentioned factors, but to a large extend on the customer interaction. The customer service employees, who are accountable for interacting with the customers while taking orders and delivering them, undergo a proper training in the first place being assigned the job. This gives an advantage over the competitors as customers tend to cull joints having better customer services.Along with all of these strategies, the competitive nature of the global fast food market requires the organization to keep on innovating new products to lure various ranges of customers. McDonalds has in place various product packages that cater to the needs of customers of various age groups. The ranges embarrass the inclusion of HappyMeal option for kids which allo w toys from the latest animation movies along with food for the kids.QualityCustomer satisfaction is the key to success for any fast food joint. correspond to David Garvin of Harvard Business School, quality is defined as transcendent, product based, user based, manufacturing based or value based .Based on these five definitions, Garvin(1984) compiled together eight quality dimensions which are as follows .PerformanceFeaturesReliabilityConformanceDurability usablenessAestheticsPerceived QualityWith respect to our example of fast food joint McDonalds, only a few of these are significant. They are as follows Conformance This is one of the major concerns of a product developed by any organization that it should conform to some pre defined standards that are expected for that particular range of product. The fast food joints are expected to conform to the food quality norms and alimental value.Performance Performance is the measure of how cost-efficient a product is to per form its intended purpose. In case of fast food, the objective is to relieve a customer of hunger and provide the requisite nutrition to the body. The better the military operation of a food item in this respect, the more is the demand for that particular item.Features These are the additions to the product that can rise its feat. The addition of accessories in electronic equipment can enhance its mathematical operation. Similarly, fast food joints provide a wide range of additional products like squishy toasts, sweets, coffee etc. along with the burgers which fetch more revenue as well as result in the increased service quality and exploit. Some of the food packages include additional items like toys etc. that hike result in rich features.Reliability Reliability is the property of achieving customer trust. A customer should be able to rely on a product for its consistency across various geographic locations. This is crucial for fast food joints as a person travelling to an unknown place around the globe would be more tempted to walk in to a familiar food joint and hence would expect the same taste and quality that he is used to in his own country or region. This leads to an increase in global business by catering to unshakable customers.Aesthetics It is the biggest concern for any organization dealing with food and drink market. Its the subjective sensory characteristic. There are a lot of competitors in a fast food business. The customers along with the nutrition and value for coin also care for the aesthetic value of the delivered products. These may be the taste, look and feel etc. This may also be the ambience in the fast food joint. The customer prefers a place where he finds a good combination of all the above concerns. A very nutritious burger in a shabby wrapping wont be hot among the customers on the contrary vice versa can be a market leader.The Sand Cone ModelCost EfficiencySpeed dependablenessQualityAn Operations Management Co mpetence ModelSlack et al (2008)Quality improvement methodologiesImproving the product quality is an evolving process in any business organization irrespective of the domain or range of product it deals with. A variety of norms and paradigms are in place to monitor the Quality improvement processes.Total Quality Control (TQC)Total Control Quality is the philosophy of continual improvement in the quality. Its based on the adherence to the 5 Ss that are a sequential process that organizations follow to ensure that result in high quality processes and in pervert high quality products. According to Ramasamy(2005) The 5 Ss areSeiri This is the organization by getting rid of unnecessary items. These may include a wide range of objects. The cleaning up of the sr. files and records in one of them. The old machineries which no longer give optimal results can be remove or replaced with new one. The machineries may include cutting instruments, baking ovens etc. The constraint for re misera ble the machineries and tools is the once that have been unused for past 2 3 years. However, the organization can override these constraints based on their domain and requirements.Seiton Its the cleanliness as a result of performing a Seiri. In case of a fast food joint, keeping the area neat is extremely important as it concerns not only the aesthetics but also hale issues of prospective customers. Food outlets need to be well cleaned and maintained so.Seiso The equipment and graft where the production happens should be clean to avoid dirt and resultant wispy problems. In case of fast food joints, the plants where the raw materials for making the food items, the farms from where the vegetables and poultry are being used etc. must be scrutinized to make sure that there is no compromise on the quality of the products used. Moreover, the kitchen in which the food is made should be cleaned. The food items should not at any point of time be touched by scanty hands unless it rea ches the customer. all told these ensure that the food is safe and free from any germs or disease carriers.Seiketsu Standardizing the locations of all the items is another way of enhancing quality. The places of raw material in the kitchen needs to be standardized in order to assist fast assembling of various items and hence reduce the time of delivery. Moreover, the cash counter has a well-organized cash box which facilitates easy and faster minutes as it becomes easier for the employees to return the change to the customers.Shetsuke It is the disciplined way in which the above four Ss are implemented and adhered to in any organizations. This doesnt only include the management to take care of the enforcement of these rules. The responsibility lies with each and every employee be actively collectd in ensuring that the quality processes are followed.The three universal joint Processes of Managing for QualityTHE JURAN TRIOLOGY DIAGRAMQuality PlanningQuality ControlQuality Impro vementDetermine who are the customersEvaluate positive product carrying into actionEstablish the infrastructureDetermine the needs of the customerCompare actual performance to product goalsIdentify the improvement projectsDevelop product features that react to customers needsAct on the differenceEstablish project teamsDevelop process able to produce the product featuresProvide the teams with resources, training and penury to Diagnose the causeStimulate RemediesEstablish controls to hold the gainsTransfer the plans to the direct forceCopyright 1989 by Juran Institute IncThere are many standards in place to ensure that Quality norms are followed. But, these policies seem bootless unless there is proper and timely audit for the same. The Quality audit processes would require a team of quality experts to evaluate each and every process for its quality. The above table gives an overview of all the quality planning, control and improvement strategies.According to Summers (2009), th e various standards and criteria that exist globally to support effective quality management systems areISO 9000 International Organization for Standardization has representatives from the national standardization bodies of over 90 countries. The main objective is to satisfy customer by quality assurance and increase the level of confidence of a customer in an organization. A company can audit itself to gain this particular inner(a) certification. The customers can audit an organization against the set of standards for second party certification.ISO 14000 This is an citation of ISO Standards regarding environmental issues. The organizations are evaluated for environment protection and pollution prevention. These are followed by organizations to reduce negative impact on the environment. The organizations can implement various strategies to achieve this. Like, providing bio degradable wrappers and glasses instead of using plastics.SIX SIGMA The goal of this process is to reduc e the process variation to the point where there are only 3.4 defects per million opportunities. This is especially significant for industries whose business involves mass production.Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBQNA) This is another evaluation process which was designed by consulting often of experts. The main evaluation dimensions areThe soundness of the system.The deployment of the system across the organization.The outcome of the deployment.Organizational PerformanceIf you dont drive your business, you would be driven out of business. B. C. Forbes.This is the basic principle of business in todays world. The business world is very competitive and doesnt leave room for compromise on any of the aspects of business, be it, Quantity, Quality, Operations Management, Process Management etc. The responsibility of a successful business lies with each and every employee, as was the theory of Ray Kroc, which led him to implement the franchisee business model.But, implementin g alone would not ensure adherence. Adherence can be assured only when measured. Measures literally mean dimensions or capacity of anything. For an organization, the performance has to be measured as well as recognized and rewarded. The performance can be measured for employees, processes, services, suppliers etc. Any parameter that plays a significant part of the organization needs to be measured against certain(p) standards to ensure quality.Measures of good performanceThe performance of the processes in place can be measured on the basis of certain parameters like expenses, income, quality, throughput, delivery time, safety, cleanliness etc. In a fast food joint like McDonalds, the service time to the customer is a major concern. This can be ensured only if the production time for the food in the kitchen is well defined. Any delay in the production time would delay delivery to the customer hence violating the standards. So, standard time constraints need to be put in place. More over, the cleanliness is important as its a matter of hygiene. The quality of food depends a lot on the incoming raw materials like flour, vegetables, fruits, poultry, oils used etc. All these have to be of superior quality for the proper works of the organization.The organizational results performance measures are concentrate on the strategic interests of the organization. The results involve both the organization and customers equally. The customer satisfaction is one of the measures, which can be measured by the amount of repeat business and the number of customers per day. All satisfied customers tend to recommend the organization to their friends hence increasing the business. The performance measure with respect to the organization can be based on its annual financial results, quarterly financial results, deviation of these results from the predicted results, the profits etc. The organizational performance can be measured also by the brand value generated by the organization. The measures discussed so far were materialistic, but its the human resources that make a service oriented organization like McDonalds achieve its objectives. There are measures to monitor the readiness and performance of these human resources. This can be done yearly or half yearly in the form of appraisals. The employees can be rated based on performance. The excellent performers should be rewarded to encourage them to keep up the work and also motivate the rest of the employees to perform better. The extremely poor performers should be given proper mentoring to help them perform better.The internal process measures are meant to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the plans and processes that are incorporated inside the organization. The Learning and Growth measures are focused on the growth and well being of the human resource i.e. the employees. It also encourages innovations, in case of McDonalds, the innovation of new recipes in the RD department by the franchisees. Financial measures are put in place to analyze the business progress of the organization world-wide in the context of the monetary gains or profits.These performance measures are used by the organization leaders to analyze and check up on the existing strategies, plans and processes, and make changes if necessary to improve the present conditions. The quality management systems and Six Sigma are used by organizations to ensure that the organization is moving towards progress in business by balancing the cost, quality and availability of products to the customer satisfaction.ConclusionFor any fast food joint, in this case McDonalds, to be a success, the first principle should be Customer is the King. A service oriented industry can flourish only by providing the best customer service in the least possible time. But, service is not the only factor. The quality of the products delivered must be hygienic and nutritious so as to serve their purposes. The competition is fast food indust ry is on an all time high, so the cost along with the quality would be a deciding factor for the customer.An organizations success doesnt rest in the managements hands. The responsibility lies with each and every employee and franchisee. The employee has to work for the organization as their own. The process of the organization has to be adhered to. This measure of these adherences and changes in the organizational strategies according to the requirements would lead to better business. The organizational leaders should not only Implement policies but also incorporate performance measure exercises to ensure that the processes are being adhered to.

Analysis of taobaos business strategies

Analysis of taobaos business strategiesTaobao is the virtually famous online shop website in China. It was launched in 2003 and within two years it became the leader of Chinas online shop market. In coiffe to keep the leadership position in more than and more intense competition and sustain its development, Taobao needs to modify and better its strategies for early development. Furthermore, its marketing strategies base also provide a good lesson for new(prenominal) online obtain companies. This essay is going to make an overall digest on Taobaos business strategies by devise.Key words Taobao marketing strategies nerd analysisTaobao operates a website, Taobao.com which is the largest network retail website in China. According to its website the achievement volume on Taobao (gross merchandise volume or GMV) exceeded RMB200 billion (US$29 billion) in 2009. Taobao launched in 2003, is owned by Alibaba Group, which is a family of Internet-based businesses. (Taobao, n.d.) T aobao provides not completely online platforms but also three approximately-party online payment service (Alipay) and instant messaging services (Aliwangwang)Platforms within Taobao include Alimama (alimama.com), an online advertising exchange and affiliate network for publishers in China. In addition, there is also a classified listing website Koubei.com. (ibid.)SWOT analysis, according to Philip Kolter, is an overall evaluation of a companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. (Kolter, 2003)As the competition in the online obtain market is becoming growthly fierce, Taobao faces more or less problems as well. The drive of this SWOT analysis is to provide a critical review of nominate factors that may slow down Taobaos future development.2. Strengths2.1 Leading position in Chinas online obtain marketTaobao is an acknowledged leader in both B2C (business to consumer) and C2C (consumer to consumer) online obtain market in China. Taobao has (should be had) more t han 190 million registered users by (could use at) the end of April, 2010. (Taobao, n.d.) It has built a blotto brand and is accepted by more Netizen (which is defined as the Chinese population who go by means of accessed the Internet in the past 6 months by China Internet Network Information Centre) (CNNIC. 2008, January 15th). The company is well-thought-of by customers which gives Taobao more advantages in competition.2.2 Effective combination of diversified offeringsTaobao combines its three segment businesses upshotively to refine its customer base. Take Alipay as an example, it is a third-party online payment platform, provides a simpler, efficient and safe payment service for both customers and venders. This service not entirely ensure (should be ensures) the consummation security but also reduces the transaction risk for online consumers, as it enables buyers to confirm the quality of goods before releasing bullion to sellers. For example, if goods be found (to b e) broken or fake, customers can request Alipay to lengthen the release of funds to sellers. (Taobao, n.d.) This service help (should be helps) Taobao (to) attract more customers.In addition, an instant message (could use messaging) service called Aliwangwang make (should be makes) the communication between (the) buyer and seller easier. Moreover, this service enables (the) buyer and seller (to) have a directly private bargain during the transactions, which is the preference of Chinese customers.2.3 Precise market positioningTaobao analyzed Chinas online obtain market at the beginning of its business. Different from other online shopping websites which prefer older white-collar worker(s) with higher salaries or people who like collecting and sharing, Taobao chose fashionable young females as the target customer. This market positioning proved more desirable for Chinas market compared to other websites (apostrophe not needed) . This is one of the reasons that the growth rate of T aobao is untold higher than other competitors.3. Weaknesses3.1 Limiting itself to local anesthetic marketThe design of Taobao website and other supporting services were based on Chinas local market. This localisation strategy made Taobao grew (should be grow) fast at the beginning. However, with the development of the website, this strategy limits Taobao to the Chinese market and (, therefore resulting in a) lack of presence in (the) worldwide market.3.2 Insufficient screen process to control counterfeit productsAlthough Taobao has taken some measures to control the sales agreement of fake goods, such as rating the sellers by credit value, the result was not as expected. Because of the free strategy that Taobao used, individuals can establish an online shop easily without charge and requirement. This makes it even hard to reminder and select sellers that commit fraud. Lack of effective screening processes to control the sale of counterfeit products has had a negative influence on customers confidence in Taobao. It could also affect Taobaos brand image and sales.4. Opportunities4.1 Growing engage for online shopping in ChinaAccording to CNNIC, the number of online buyers reached 87.9 million by June 2009, increasing from 74 million in 2008 and 46 million in 2007. The online shopping penetration rate achieved 24.8% by June 2009. (CNNIC. 2010, January 15th 2010, July 15th) As the data in a higher place shows, more people in China prefer to buy products online. devisal and various choices could be two main reasons. This increasingly growing demand for online shopping contributed to the growth of Taobao.4.2 Government supportAfter the global fiscal crisis, (the) Chinese government provided a RMB 4 trillion stimulus piece of ground in order to boost the domestic economic growth through 2010. (the) IT industry received around 0.5% to 1% of the cash injection. (Xinhua, 2008). This gave online shopping companies strong support for future developments.4.3 Safer payment schemas for online transactionsThe improved online payment systems prank an important role in the growth of Chinese online shopping markets. thither are more flexible payment systems for customers to choose. For example, a third-party online payment system ensures the security of transaction(s) and enables customers to get their refunds easily. A simpler and safer payment for online transaction(s) attracts (should be attract) more customers.5. Threats5.1 suffering entry prohibition leads to fierce competitionBecause of the low entry barrier and fast growing market, Taobao meets many challenges, in particular in the face of change magnitude competition from new market entrants. In addition, without many technical difficulties, it is patrician for other competitors to copy Taobaos business pattern. Therefore, Taobao impart be forced to increase investments on advertising or technological innovation.5.2 Strict policy for third parties payment licenseRecently, Peoples B ank of China issued an Administrative Measures for the Payment work Provided by Non-financial Institutions which has raised the entry standard for third payment party. In order to get (could use obtain) and keep the license, Taobao has to increase its expenditure on online payment.5.3 Higher logistics costsTaobao will give customers suggestions about the logistic companies which are mostly local third party logistics providers and customers usually take the suggestions because of the dismount delivery prices these companies offered, compared to other international express companies, such as DHL and UPS. However, local third party logistics recently announced that they would raise the price. As most online customers are highly prices sensitive, this will have a negative effect on Taobaos sale.6 ConclusionsAccording to the SWOT analysis, although there are some drawbacks which have negative effects on Taobaos future development, the advantages still outbalance the disadvantages. In addition, there are many opportunities for Taobaos further growth. This conclusion will give some suggestions for Taobaos future business expansion.First of all, in order to keep the leadership position, technological innovation is crucial for Taobao. Taobao may localise on continuous improvement of its online payment system, which is also one of its strengths, particularly in the aspect of transactions (should be transactions, without apostrophe) reliability and security. Moreover, website functions, Internet constancy and high-speed access to websites are also important in providing a better user experience, which may help to attract more customers.Secondly, as Taobao has the advantage of large scale consumers and sellers, Taobao may segment its market to provide more specialized services based on different demands so that it can meet customers requirements more effectively.To sum up, it is undeniable that the future of (the) online shopping market in China is promising. Based on the statistics by CNNIC, It is in a steadily (should be steady) development stage. In this attractive online shopping market, more complete logistics providers and payment systems will appear. These will provide Taobao more opportunities to develop in the future.

Northern Ireland Essay examples -- History, Reuniting Ireland

Diplomacy does not happen overnight, and the true baloney of secureship and bickering over northern Ireland is proof of that. Ireland and England failed to agree on who held the power of blue Ireland for over 30 years until the Good Friday Agreement, a form of diplomacy between the countries, took place. Before that time, many soldiers and innocent citizens of Union Ireland lost their lives. Religious fights broke out between Catholic and Protestant residents. Political figures from countries like Wales and the United States came together to help put an obliterate to the bitter relations of the European countries (Delaney). After many years of hard feelings and failed attempts at bringing peace to Ireland and England, the countries came together to try to go things out. Slowly, Federal Ireland created its own identity, and the troubles started to fade a office. The troubles refer to the age-old disputes over the control of northern Ireland. Even though the argumen ts lasted for several centuries, things did not turn extremely rampageous until the 1960s (Delaney). Many terrorists entered Northern Ireland during that time. Terrorists who entered the country were said to be okay, and there was secret code wrong with them. Letting the terrorists slip by without stopping them had truly deadly consequences. Thousands of people died because of the terrorists invading Northern Ireland. Very few tested to stop the terrorists from coming into Northern Ireland (Graham). Those who did attempt to stop the terrorists were unsuccessful (De Breadun). The Irish and British governments fought for many years over the ownership of Northern Ireland. Britain had of import control over Northern Ireland, and Ireland did not think that was fair. Be... ...oodshed, Northern Ireland eventually received some relief. The Good Friday Agreement brought the diplomacy needed to the country. Northern Ireland is to this day still home to many spectral disput es but nothing as severe as the disputes from several decades ago. Residents are now still to be considered citizens of either or both countries, and the countries are able to work together without any deadly and unnecessary controversy. Hundreds of innocent people are spared their lives every year because the preventable religious and governmental fights have dwindled. Ireland may not have the most control over Northern Ireland, and religious disputes still arise, but the country has come a long way from the way things were. Things may never be perfect for the country of Northern Ireland, but there is no doubt that diplomacy was a bully decision for the country as a whole.

The First Crusade and the Ideas of Crusading Essay -- essays research

Contrary to many commonly held notions about the first compress, in his book, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading, Jonathan Riley-Smith sets out to explain how the fancy of crusading imagination evolved in the first crusade. In his book, Riley-Smith sets out five main arguments to battle array how these ideas of crusading evolved. Firstly, he argues that Pope Urbans original message was conventional, secondly that a more(prenominal) positive reaction was drawn from the temporality (due to the ideas contact Jerusalem), thirdly, that the original message of crusading had changed because of the horrible experiences of the first crusaders, fourth, that due to these experiences the crusaders developed their proclaim concept of what a crusade was, and lastly, that these ideas were refined by (religious) writers and turned into an gratifying form of theology. Riley-Smith makes excellent points about the crusade however, before one force out delve directly into his argume nt, one must first understand the context surrounding the rise of the first crusade.Throughout the ten-century, particularly in France, the initiation had become an extremely violent place. Feudal Knights were often quarreling over arrive possession, looting, and looking to lay people to provide them with sustenance . Likewise, the power of these knights and the fulfilment of violence flourished due to the increasingly lacking power and authority of the kings . The church, in an attempt to halt the violence and anarchy attempted to take break and issued such concepts as the Peace of God . Similarly, at this time other movements for peace by the Church were underway, and one of the commonly held ideas was the need to understand the world to more monkish ideals. From these ideals also sprouted the concept of the laity having God-given functions to perform, functions that could include agitateing to protect the Church. Pope Leo IX (1049-1054) is an example of this idea he ofte n used militia to fight against his opponents. In the early eleventh century, there came a pivotal fingerbreadth in the ideas of Church sanctioned war, Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085). Pope Gregory was winding in the Investiture Contest, and soon turned to scholars to seek out apology for his conviction that violence could be used in defense of the Church and could be authorized by it. The movements generated by Pope Gregory, as wholesome as the results of the Inve... ...f knighthood. The idea of the crusade, and the affiliated pilgrimage came to be regarded as temporary, adopted, migrant monastic life. Although none of the ideas of Robert, Guibert, and Baldric were new, in fact they were derived from the accounts of those who survived the first crusade, they romanticized the idea of the blessed war and knighthood, making it more appealing to the common person, and more morally acceptable in religious circles. Riley-Smith adequately proves his argument that although the idea of cr usading was not a new one the outcome of the first crusade had a direct impact on the ideas surrounding a holy war. His book, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading, is a well developed and unyielding argument that is neatly organized and concise, allowing the reader to gain a favorable understanding of the topic. This book was an excellent choice for first year university students, as it was an easy read, and very easy to identify the main points and arguments of each chapter.Bibliography/ work CitedRiley-Smith, Jonathan. The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading. The United States of America University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986.

Earth Faces a Sixth Mass Extinction Essay -- Exploratory Essays Resear

human beings Faces a Sixth Mass Extinction Scientists in Great Britain use up been studying the distribution of birds, butterflies and plants for the gone 40 years and the results from these studies suggest that the existence is heading towards another mass extinction, and this one may have its root in human activity. Within the four billion years that priming coat has been around, it has already experienced five mass extinctions. The most recent, and most nearly kn experience occurred 65 million years ago and caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. musical composition that my have been caused by a meteor colliding with the earth, if scientists are correct, our actions, both past and present, are harming many species of organisms and we may even be causing our own demise. The ongoing studies in Great Britain covered the biodiversity (that is the amount of species of an organism inwardly a given area) and the amount of land the plants, birds, and butterflies each occup ied. It covered 1254 species of plants examine from 1954 to 1960 and again from 1987 to 1999, 201 bird species studied between 1968 and 1971 and again from 1988 to 1989, and 58 flit species studied between 1970 and 1982 and again between 1995 and 1999 (Thomas et al. 2004). Before this study there was only speculation into the possible population decline of insects. Since they are so abundant it had been hard to get any grasp on their veridical number or the effect humans were having on them (Pennisi 2004). Over the term they were studied 3.4% of the species of butterflies went extinct compared to only .4% of the plant species. None of the species of birds that were studied went extinct during the time of the research. The extinctions that occurred were evenly spread throughout Great... ...xtinction just yet, a brusk period of time from a geological point of view discount be hundreds of thousands of years. ReferencesAnanthaswamy, Anil. Earth faces sixth mass extinction N ewScientist.com News Service. marchland 18, 2004 http//www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994797Pennisi, Elizabeth. 2004 Naturalists Surveys Show That British Butterflies Are Going, Going ... Science v. 303, p. 1747Recer, Paul. mankind blamed for march toward 6th mass extinction Star playscript Online. March 19, 2004 http//www.nj.com/news/ledger/index.ssf?/base/news-14/1079682723291630.xmlRincon, Paul. UK wildlife heading into crisis BBC News Online. March 18, 2004 http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3520372.stmThomas, J. A. et al., 2004 Comparative Losses of British Butterflies, Birds, and Plants and the worldwide Extinction Crisis Science v. 303, p. 1879

Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

               Partial-Birth abortion Act     During the Clinton administration the Partial-Birth Abortion Act, a tear that would make it illegal in any of the United States for a partial-birth stillbirth to be performed, caused major debate through start the House of Representatives and the Senate recently different versions of the scorecard had been passed through the both the House of Representatives and the Senate. In prior long time Clinton had vetoed analogous bills to ban partial-birth abortions. The House and Senate have passed somewhat different versions of the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act (S-1692), sponsored by Congressman Charles Canady (R-Fl.) and Senator Rick Santorum (R-Pa.). This bill would location a national ban on partial-birth abortions.     President Clinton successfully vetoed similar bills in 1996 and 1998. When the Senate approved S.1692 last October, it was by a margin two votes short of the two-thirds majority needed to override a veto.     The congressional bills ar similar to a Nebraska law that was struck down by a five-justice majority of the U.S. Supreme Court on June 28 in the case of Stenberg v. carhart. After c befully examining that ruling, the leading sponsors of the bill decided that it would be more productive to focus on other pro-life bills for the goal of this congressional session. (National Right to Life News, August 2000)     Partial-Birth Abortion is used aft(prenominal) twenty weeks of pregnancy. The doctor pulls the baby out of the mother with forceps feet first and cabbage when the only thing remaining at bottom the mother is the babys head. The doctor then takes a pair of scissors and inserts them into the back of the make love of the child, spreads them apart and then proceeds to suction the brain of the child out of its head. The child is now no longer livin g and post be disposed of. Under current legislation the only factor out that separates partial-birth abortion from homicide is the fact that the childs head remains inside the mother while the procedure is performed.      The Partial-Birth Abortion Act is not a bill to make abortion illegal just partial-birth abortions. Those who support this bill in the Senate are pro-life, whil... ...ter, June 2001)     The laws were overturned by the United States Court of Appeals in Illinois and Wisconsin following the Supreme Courts lead. United States District gauge Arthur Tarnow overturned the ban in Michigan.      Planned stock had challenged the laws in all three states and was said to be gratified by the decisions. We are fortunate with these rulings because they protect womens health from being sacrificed to a dishonest bid to demonize a safe and medically necessary procedure. Planned Parenthood continued," And we are reminded again, as all Americans should be, of the importance of a fair-minded and independent federal judiciary.     Another problem with the ban on partial-birth abortions is what to do in the case of a health threat involving the mother. If a pregnant women faces oddment through the birth of her child do we save the mother or the child? Another problematic example is if the mother already has children, and partial-birth abortions are illegal, the child could potentially be born and the mother could pass release all of her children to grow up without a mother.