Friday, May 31, 2019

Interest groups and politics :: essays research papers

Interest Groups and PoliticsAs we approach the 2004 presidential election everyone is getting in line to throw their money into the proverbial feeding trough that all politicians take from. Campaigns are made and broke depending on how much money they have to spend. Fundraising is one way for politicians to receive contributions from your exemplary everyday blue collar citizen, but where do the four and five figure contributions come from? They come from intrest groups and lobbyists. These are the people, companies, and organizations that control our government whether they admit it or not. Campaign are run by this money and their agendas are the ones that congress on both the state and national level. The best way to sum up how all this works is "Youre one of 435 ants in the House, and unless youre on the right committee a lot of these people dont so far return your phone calls." Rep. Joe Scarborough (R-Fla.), on raising money from PAC directors ("Speaking Freely, 2nd Ed." by Larry Makinson (Center for Responsive Politics, 2003)). Interest groups give what is called soft money to candidates in return these candidates push the issues that the interest groups hold important. For instance, recently on 60 MINUTES they ran a special on the prescription drug companies and the government. It is shown that the United Sates pays recur for medication what the rest of the world pays for the same thing. The reason this is occurring is due to the fact that these drug manufacturers are pumping hundreds of thousands of dollars in to these campaigns. Since 1999 certain legislators have received more because one and a half one thousand thousand dollars in campaign contributions from pharmaceutical companies. President Bush personally has received half a million dollars. (60Minutes, CBS News). It is preferably amazing that if you look at the top 100 overall donators in 2002 that seven of them are the largest drug manufactors in the world, and the are all h eavy republican supporters. On the same side to this is the insurance companies. They also give large contributions to politicians. In 2002, companies such as Blue Cross / Blue Shield, AFLAC, and Cigna, were all broad contributors to the Republican Party. Since the late 80s republican have always been able to raise more soft money. In 2002 alone democrats raised 217 million dollars, while the republicans raised a whopping 442 million in soft money (opensecrets.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Little Foxes Analytical Essay -- essays research papers

Every hearten written uses dramatic elements. The main dramatic elements are plot, character, theme, and language. Lillian Hellman, who wrote the junior-grade Foxes, incorporates these elements beautifully in her play. The play is set during the spring of 1900 and takes place in the Deep South part of the United States of America. Just as every some other play, the Little Foxes has included the dramatic elements in her play, particularly the plot, character, and language that all incorporate an underlying theme of greed. The character, which includes the physiological and psychological typography of each soulfulness in the play, properly incorporated the greed and oppression of the time. Ben and Oscar are brothers who are possessive, scheming, and greedy individuals. These two characters make the play very interesting. Both brothers physiological makeup fit the play perfectly. This is because Ben tires to look like a nice guy on the outside yet has only one motive that drives his character. This motive is money. He will do anything to get his cotton mill deal to go through. Then in that respect is Oscar. He is also a lot like Ben, but on the surface not as nice. Because of these two characters, the rest of the characters feed of their hatred and ulterior motives. Another character is Leo who is a weak unscrupulous son of Oscar and Birdie. This character is not emotionally strong compared to Ben or Oscar, but still has a very well written part. Birdie is then apparently Oscars wife. Birdie has one of the most complex characters in the whole play. Her psychological make up is very complex. Her character has very quick mode changes and subsequently does not seem like she has much power in the physiological makeup of the whole group. Next, there is Regina, who is married to Horace and a sister of Oscar and Ben. She doubtlessly has the most devious psychological makeup of all the other characters put together. She has a very cold heart towards her husband . This was the most thoroughly created character in the whole play although it was also the most troubled character. Every line that she said was written for a specific purpose and was usually only to sustain herself. Married to Regina is Horace. Horaces character was a very weak and sick old man. Although his part was written beautifully, he should have been a bit wiser to what Regina was planing. He was almos... ...ay. The spoken language was written with a southern accent which was also very well done. All the characters also speak in their different affable class styles. For example, the servants speak with very poor grammar and then on the other hand, Ben or Mr. Marshall speak in a very dignified manner. too the spoken language, the play has many written peak direction which almost all highlight the characters ideas. Since though there are so many stage directions though, one has to be careful to make sure that they all further and enhance the plot of the play. The intenti ons and meanings of the language also came through exceptionally clear. From the very first base of the play, the reader knows exactly what every characters ulterior motive is and almost every character has one. Because of the very clear character makeup, this enhances all themes, meanings, and intentions of the play and characters. Lillian Hellman, who wrote The Little Foxes, does a brilliant job of using the main dramatic elements in her play. Although there are a few weaknesses in the dramatic elements, there are not nearly enough to hinder the brilliance of the character, plot, theme, and language of the play.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Essay --

STATEMENT OF PURPOSEAfter one years work experience as an galvanising engineer at ________, a private LPG filling company with various filling plants located in Pakistan. After the completion of my undergraduate degree in 2012, I have been making constant efforts to develop better understanding in the field of galvanizing Engineering. So, I joined_____________ and worked there as a Trainee Electrical Engineer for over 1 year. My training responsibilities areas were circuit breakers supervision, switch yard equipment and bus-bars calculation observation, making reports of ratings, and readings of generators and transformers. I want to return to academic get a line and undertake postgraduate course Master of Engineering Electrical (Power) at University of South Australia. I am greatly inspired to accomplish my aspiration to beget a professional in the field of Power and Energy Systems. Beside aspiration the other reason I am choosing galvanizing power is of job situation that th e jobs related to electrical power are almost in every industry from smaller to a multinational. In under-graduation program I learned system together with interesting practical course work to strengthen the fundamentals of Electrical Engineering. After graduating from the department of electrical engineering at the Institute of COMSATS establish of information technology in computer engineering. I felt that a practical experience is needed before going on to a postgraduate course. I learned the latest technologies in microprocessor systems, personal responsibility and teamwork. My undergraduate program has given me strong grasp in engineering basic subjects. I developed a deep interest in the practical course work of electric machines and control system as i... ...Os, worked with them as a put up (Social Mobilizer).I am greatly interested in the field of Power. I am convinced that your comprehensive curriculum is sufficient to help me develop into well-trained specialiser in power systems. After completing my MS, I aim to become a highly acclaimed professional. On returning to Pakistan after pursuing my M.S. in electrical engineering, the knowledge that I have received in this field would be of great benefit to the electrical energy industry in Pakistan and the place where I will work. As such I would be well equipped to make a certain amount of impact on society and economy. It is god-fearing desire that I may continue my path of success with your international students. I am sure my technical skills would be greatly appreciated and would steadying to be considered for the Master of Science program in your reputed University.

Ghost Story of Split Rock Road :: Urban Legends Ghost Stories

tell apart Rock RoadThis tale was told by a twenty-year-old Caucasian male from Boonton, New Jersey, who was very mad to share his paranormal experiences. According to the narrator, Split Rock Road runs through a nice residential neighborhood. However, at one point the pavement pelf and turns to gravel. At this point, there are no lights on the road, which is surrounded by woods. As you continue down the road, you come to a bridge on extremum of a dam and an abandoned guard tower. Legend has it that if you turn off your headlights and stop the car enchantment on the bridge, everyone in the car dies. The narrator attempt this once with his friends late at night. He managed to turn off the headlights and stop the car, but all of his friends started screaming and begging him to go back, so he left over(p) very quickly. He said that it was one of the scariest experiences of his life. Additionally, there is rumored to be a ghost that wanders on Split Rock Road, a young girl in a w hite sundress. However, the narrator had never personally seen this ghost.Split Rock Road is a notoriously creepy place in New Jersey, with references on both the Weird New Jersey website and the deep in thought(p) Destinations website. While neither site directly states that if you turn off your headlights and stop the car that you will die, the Lost Destinations site mentions the urban legend that if you try to drive across the bridge at night, gangs will block the exits on either side and trap you in. Additionally, while there is no specific mention of a girl in a white sundress, there are rumors that the bridge is haunted by drowning victims, broadly teenagers who get sucked into the underwater drain and smash into the concrete waterfall on the other side. Both sites also mention practices of the occult allegedly performed on Split Rock Road the Lost Destinations site describes piles of bones and structures shaped like furnaces that are supposedly haunted by ghosts late at nig ht. convertible furnaces can be found on Clinton road, another creepy spot in New Jersey.The primary scary feature of the story is the concept that doing something as innocent as stopping a car can cause death. Death is something that most people fear, or wish not to encounter until they feel that they have lived their lives to the fullest.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Evolution of The Catholic Church :: Essays Papers

Evolution of The Catholic Church Over the last thirty years, the Roman Catholic Church has undergone changes. These changes range from the position of the transmute to the language of the Mass. This paper will illustrate a broad overview of changes in the Catholic Church after the 1960s Before the 1960s, Mass was said in Latin. The priests and the parish both knew the prayers, songs, and Scriptures in Latin. Around 1965, the Catholic Church realized that the people did not understand all of what they were saying. They began to do the Mass in English. This increased nimble participation. Today, if a person would requisite hear a Mass in Latin, they would have to do some traveling. For instance, Our Lady of Mount Carmel offers Latin Masses. A parishioner may go Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday at 715P.M. or on Thursdays at 1010 A.M. There is also a Saturday Mass at eight Oclock A.M. The Sunday schedule is thus, eight oclock and 1030 A.M. For more info rmation, check out their web site. Http//www.archden.org/archden/parishes/pp150.htm Catholic schools have undergone remarkable changes also. It use to be that it cost nothing to go to Catholic schools. Now there is a splendid idea of tuition. Tuition makes it difficult for some families who would want to send their children to Catholic schools. Many kids end up in public facilities, for that very reason. Another difference is that the schools use to be run almost only by nun, brothers, and priests. The institutions enforced a very strict dress code. Students were to wear their uniform to class. There is still a dress code, some schools offer a dress-down Friday. On this day, the kids may wear whatever they would like, within reason. Kindergarten is a new luxury. Many older people never went to Kindergarten, it was not offered. Years later, you could send your children to a public school for it. Now it is part of the curriculum. It is a very exciting attribu te. Catholic schools have also experienced a significant increase if enrollment. infant Catherine T. McNamee states that this years total Catholic School enrollment of 2.

Evolution of The Catholic Church :: Essays Papers

Evolution of The Catholic church service Over the last xxx years, the Roman Catholic Church has undergone changes. These changes range from the position of the Alter to the language of the Mass. This paper will illustrate a broad overview of changes in the Catholic Church after the 1960s Before the 1960s, Mass was said in Latin. The priests and the parish both knew the prayers, songs, and Scriptures in Latin. Around 1965, the Catholic Church realized that the people did not image all of what they were saying. They began to do the Mass in English. This increased active participation. Today, if a person would want hear a Mass in Latin, they would assimilate to do some traveling. For instance, Our Lady of Mount Carmel offers Latin Masses. A parishioner may go Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday at 715P.M. or on Thursdays at 1010 A.M. at that place is also a Saturday Mass at eight Oclock A.M. The Sunday schedule is thus, eight oclock and 1030 A.M. For mo re than information, check out their web site. Http//www.archden.org/archden/parishes/pp150.htm Catholic schools have undergone significant changes also. It use to be that it cost nothing to go to Catholic schools. Now there is a splendid idea of tuition. Tuition makes it difficult for some families who would want to send their children to Catholic schools. Many kids end up in public facilities, for that very reason. some other difference is that the schools use to be run almost completely by nun, brothers, and priests. The institutions enforced a very strict dress code. Students were to wear their uniform to class. on that point is still a dress code, some schools offer a dress-down Friday. On this day, the kids may wear whatever they would like, within reason. Kindergarten is a new luxury. Many elderly people never went to Kindergarten, it was not offered. Years later, you could send your children to a public school for it. Now it is part of the curriculu m. It is a very exciting attribute. Catholic schools have also experienced a significant increase if enrollment. Sister Catherine T. McNamee states that this years total Catholic School enrollment of 2.

Monday, May 27, 2019

The Young Can Teach the Elderly

According to common belief, we, especially the early dayser, usually learn many affairs from previous generations. most even believe that the young cannot teach in turn the elderly. To my way of thinking, I do not agree with this idea in many aspects.On one hand, I admit that the elderly has played an important part in teaching young men, and we benefit a lot from their knowledge. In particular, they give up incurred and undergone many events in their lives therefore, they have gathered lots of experiences, which are very useful for us. Time has taught them how to deal with problems and difficulties, and they can teach us about it. On the other hand, I feel we, the young, in turn can teach them about a lot of things as follow.The first thing to mention is new-made knowledge, especially innovations in technology, which the elderly can hardly follow. For example, we can show them about how to use the internet, a marvelous invention in modern day, which is quite a strange to them. Similarly, the elderly usually are not familiar with learning foreign languages, like English, thus we teach them how to learn and use it effectively.Another thing we can teach the elderly is communication skill. As we can see, the elderly tend to limit their relationships, and they almost communicate with a few relatives and friends only. On the contrary, the young usually talk to a lot of people, even strangers, through using social network or chatting utility. Hence, they always feel happy and relaxed, because they can helping their emotions and thoughts with many people. Moreover, they feel more comfortable and self-confident in real lifes communication, therefore may succeed more in work. each these things should be taught to elderly, whose timid characteristics sometimes lead to their failure.To sum up, though the knowledge of the elderly is very large and extensive/ however experienced and wise the elder generation may be, they sometimes have to learn many things from the young. Only by this way can they achieve success in this new era. evil versa, the young should also take all advantages from the elderly to be more successful in life.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Prevention Postoperative Vision Loss Study Health And Social Care Essay

Postoperative visual discharge ( POVL ) subsequently non-ocular surgery is a rare, but lay waste toing complication that has been associated legion types of surgeries and patient hazard factors. Stoelting and milling machine ( 2007 ) estimate the incidence of POVL from 1 in 60,965 to 1 in 125,234 for patients undergoing noncardiac, nonocular surgeries, from 0.06 % to 0.113 % in cardiac surgery patients with cardiorespiratory beltway and 0.09 % of prostrate spinal anaesthesia column surgeries. The demand to understand the causes of POVL and the preventive steps that can be taken to decrease the likeliness of vision loss happening are deductions for anaesthesia suppliers and patients likewise. Consequences of POVL non merely affect the enfeebling impact on the patient s quality of life, but similarly the legion medical and legal branchings for the anaesthesia suppliers. Although POVL is considered a comparatively uncommon complication, the demand to understand the frequence of POV L and related hazards and causes are of import issues. In 1999, the American Society of Anesthesiologists ( ASA ) Committee on Professional Liability established the ASA Postoperative Visual Loss Registry to better understand the job ( Stoelting & A Miller ) .Reports of loss of vision have occurred after assorted non-ocular related surgical processs. Some illustrations of these are cardiorespiratory beltway, spinal surgery, hip arthroplasty, abdominal processs, craniotomies and processs of the caput and cervix uteri ( Morgan, Mikhail & A Murray, 2006 ) . The three recognized causes of postoperative ocular loss are ischaemic ocular neuropathy ( ION ) either anterior ( AION ) or posterior ( PION ) , cardinal grosbeak retinal arteria occlusion ( CRAO ) , cardinal retinal vena occlusion ( CRVO ) and cortical sightlessness. Ischemic ocular neuropathy is the most often cited cause of postoperative ocular loss following general anaesthesia with cardinal retinal arteria occlusion from direct retinal hurtle per whole of measurement surface area as a lesser cause. ( Stoelting & A Miller, 2007 ) .Factors that have been identified as possible perioperative factors for ION include drawn-out hypotension, extended continuance of surgery, prone placement, inordinate blood loss, unneeded crystalloid usage, anaemia, and increase intraocular force per whole area from prone placement. Patient related hazard factors associated with ION include diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, morbid fleshiness, coronary artery disease, and rat. ( Stoelting & A Miller, 2007 ) .lit ReviewSeveral retrospective surveies have examined the natural history of POVL after nonocular surgery in an effort to place patients at hazard for POVL and cut see surgical hazard factors. The first, from 1996, Roth, Thisted, Erickson, Black, and Schreider reviewed oculus hurts in 60,985 patients undergoing anaesthesia between 1988 and 1992. The everywhereall incidence of oculus hurt in this survey was 0.56 % . Duration of anaesthesia was shew to be an independent hazard factor for oculus hurt. The hazard was further increased with general anaesthesia and endotracheal cannulation and in patients undergoing surgery of the caput or cervix. The bulk of the patients with oculus hurts had corneal scratchs or pinkeye. Merely one patient was found to hold POVL as a consequence of ION. This patient underwent lum cast out spinal merger and the writers noted that calculated hypotension and hemodilution were used.In 1997, Stevens, Glazer, Kelley, Lietman and Bradford focused on ophthalmic complications specifically after spinal surgery. Of 3450 spinal column surgeries that the writers reviewed, seven ( 0.2 % ) instances of ocular loss were identified. Four ( 57 % ) of the seven patients suffered ION of which three had PION. Two of the seven patients had occipital infarcts, both of which were embolic. The 7th patient had a CRVO without associated periorbital hydrops or force per unit are a mortification. The surgical times ranged from 3-8 hours in these patients. The estimated blood loss ranged from minimum to 8.5 litres.A 3rd survey, besides conducted in 1997, by Myers, Hamilton, Bogoosia, Smith and Wagner, collected patients by beging studies from the Scoliosis Research Study of POVL after spinal surgery every bit good as 10 good documented instances from the spinal literature. They found that long-dated surgical times and important blood loss were positively correlated with POVL. However, the haematocrit and blood force per unit area degrees were no different than in age matched controls without POVL. Twenty-three of the 37 ( 62.2 % ) patients had ION, 9 ( 24.3 % ) had CRAO, 3 ( 8.1 % ) had occipital infarcts and the staying three did non hold clear diagnosings. The writers concluded that reduced blood force per unit area is by and large good tolerated by patients, but that consideration should be given to set uping a minimal systolic blood force per unit area f or each patient. In add-on, the writersrecommended presenting long processs and protecting oculus place.More late the American Society of Anesthesiologists POVL register analyzed 93 instances of POVL happening after spinal surgery. The instances were collected via voluntary entry from1999 through June 2005. Eighty three ( 89.2 % ) of the patients had ION and the staying 10 ( 10.8 % ) patients had CRAO. All of the patients were placed prone. Surgical clip exceeded 6 hours in 94 % of the instances. In 34 % of instances the average arterial force per unit area or systolic blood force per unit area ( SBP ) was reduced to 40 % or much below baseline. The average haematocrit was 26 % with 82 % of patients losing one or more litres of blood. All of the patients with CRAO used head restraints alternatively of Mayfield pins and were around younger than the ION patients ( 46 vs. 50 old ages ) . In add-on, 66 % of the ION patients had bilateral ocular loss and none of the CRAO patients did. Ipsilateral periocular injury was more often seen in the CRAO patients ( 70 % vs. 1 % ) than in ION patients. They once more identified the hazard of prone placement, blood loss and long surgical times. However, they were unable to definitively delegate a function to hypotension in POVL ( Lee, Roth, Posner, Cheney & A Caplan, 2006 ) .An new(prenominal) survey examined the published instance studies of ION after spinal surgery in the prone place. The writers found that PION was more often reported thanAION ( n = 17 vs. n = 5 ) .3 In the bulk of the instances, some degree of hypotension and anaemia was reported. However, the writers note that the degree of blood force per unit area and anaemia sustained by these patients would be considered acceptable in most anesthesia patterns. Furthermore, the writers observed that average surgical clip was over 7.5 hours. Strategies the writers suggested to avoid postoperative ION included careful usage of deliberate hypotension tailored to the p atient s hazard degree and theatrical production of long, complex processs ( Ho, Newman, Song, Ksiazek & A Roth, 2005 ) .Case StudyA 62 twelvemonth old male was scheduled for a three degree lumbosacral laminectomy and diskectomy ( L2 through L4 ) . He had a history of high blood pressure, fleshiness, stomachic reflux disease, myocardial infarction 5 old ages antecedently with two stents placed in the LAD, and a 50-pack-year smoke history. The patient had a surgical history of bilateral carpal tunnel release and ventral hernia fix with mesh. No old anaesthetic complications were noted. stream medicines included omeprazole, and Lopressor. He had no known drug allergic reactions. The patient s physical scrutiny revealed an afebrile patient, pulse 67, respirations 16, blood force per unit area 162/92, SpO2 of 95 % on room air. The patient s general visual aspect was a reasonably corpulent adult male in no evident hurt. Airway appraisal revealed a category 2 Malampatti, natural teething and normal cervix scope of gesture. Laboratory findings were hemoglobin 14.4 and packed cell volume 40 % . All other haematology, curdling profiles were normal. EKG was normal sinus beat and Chest X ray was normal.The patient underwent a criterions initiation and cannulation. He was turned prone, appendages were good padded and airing and critical marks were satisfactory. The process lasted for 3 hours and during a result of moderate blood loss, the patient had a period of hypotension enduring for about seven proceedingss. His blood force per unit area averaged 95/55 for about 30 proceedingss and for five proceedingss blood force per unit area averaged 80/45. Fluid resuscitation totaled 3 litres of crystalloid. Estimated blood loss was 550ml with a postoperative haematocrit of 29 % . On waking up, the patient did non exhibit any marks of orbital hydrops or POVL. The patient stated that vision was present in both eyes and his neurologic scrutiny was normal.Schemes for bar of POVLI ON is the most common cause of POVL and may be designated as anterior ( AION ) or posterior ( PION ) depending on the location of the ocular nervus lesion. optic loss of AION is due to infarction at watershed zones within the ciliary arterias of the choroid bed of the ocular disc which flows into the choriocapillaris. The choriocapillaris is an end-arterial circulation with small transverse circulation and may be prone to ischemia. The posterior ocular nervus is served by subdivisions of the ocular arteria and the cardinal retinal arteria blood flow to the posterior ocular nervus is significantly less than the anterior ocular nervus ( Lee, et Al, 2006 ) .Many interventions have been attempted to change by reversal POVL, including anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, retrobulbar steroid injections, norepinepherine extracts ( to better perfusion force per unit area ) , diphenylhydantoin, osmotic water pills, blood replacing, carbonaceous anhydrase inhibitors, steroids and ocular nervus decompression. The most common forecast of POVL is small return of ocular map ( Lee, et al 2006 ) .ION should be suspected if a patient complains of painless ocular loss during the first postoperative hebdomad and may be noticed foremost on rousing from slumber, when intraocular force per unit area is highest. Pressing opthamologic audience should be sought to analyze the patient comprehensively, set up the diagnosing, and urge farther pass judgment and therapy. Even though forecast tends to be hapless, prompt intervention may be the lone opportunity at retrieving vision ( Ho, Newman, Song, Ksiazek, & A Roth, 2005 ) .Obvious crook away of force per unit area on the oculus is a primary scheme to avoid ION. However, POVL has been noted in patients besides in the irresistible place. Current anaesthesia supplier instruction refering turning away of compaction of a patient s eyes has made it a rare intraoperative event. mayhap nore good is keeping acceptable blood force per un it area and haematocrit, particularly in patients with multiple hazard factors. More than one-half of the patients entered in the ASA POVL database were positioned prone and were noted as holding important facial puffiness. When associated with systemic hypotension, optic perfusion force per unit area is diminished. Decreased haematocrit in the presence of other hazard factors seems to patients at hazard for ocular loss. Induced hypotension and hemodilution during prone spinal column instances should be avoided when patients have risk factors for POVL ( Lee, et Al, 2006 ) .

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Ethical Dilemma in Hiv Counselling Cases Essay

I rescue a client whom I know to be human immunodeficiency virus positive. I also know that he is sexu aloney active and has not told any of his partners about this. Isnt it my honorable responsibility to inform somewhatone that he is, in effect, dangerous to others? Even if I am not a counselor, I would not be able to live with the fact that I have such an information and am putting some other life at risk. As a medical doctor, I was also bound by my Hippocrates oath to serve and bring no harm to others, I testament apply dietetic measures for the benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgment I will keep them from harm and injustice. (Edelstein,1967) By law I must abide by the rules set by the act and by the counseling board. in that respect are 4 matters that I may need to breach (ACA , 1995) 1. homicidal thoughts 2. abuse cases/ minor 3. suicide cases 4. court order What is ethics? Ethics is a process of considering right and wrong, in which a choice of behaviour is shaped. I would also imply it as Moral for a common place shape and is sometimes contrasted with ethics which is considered an academic discussion of ideals. (Herlihy & Corey ,1996. But I will avoid the term moral because it carries the connotation of moralism which many people think as an imposition on ones values or one another. I would rather discuss the process of ethical discernment the choosing of action, consequences of choices the values of he or she ants to actualise in the action. I see this big part of my future as a counselor. Will I be able to live up to the ethical choices made which will not disturb me morally yet it will also cause no detrimental actions to my clients?Based on the Malaysian discuss Code of Ethics, (1994), as a counsellor I m bound by this code to be responsible to my client. Based on this I will be able to deliberate my choices in whether I will disclose the matter or not. Clause 2 Kaunselor hendaklah menghormati privasi klien dan merahsiakan seg ala maklumat yang diperolehi semasa kaunseling melainkan jikalau maklumat itu akan membahayakan klien atau orang-orang dipersekitarannya. (Counselors shall respect client privacy and confidentiality of all information obtained during counseling except if the information would harm the client or persons in the immediate.Clause 11 Dalam kes di mana jelas terbukti bahawa klien, mengikut pertimbangan kaunselor menunjukkan dengan jelas, diri klien atau orang Iain berada dalarn keadaan bahaya, kaunselor hendaklah menggunakan budi bicaranya mengambil tindakan wajar untuk menjaga kepentingan klien dan orang lain yang terlibat. (In cases where it is evident that the client, at the address of the counselor shows clearly, themselves or the people Iain client is in danger, the counselor should exercise its discretion to take appropriate action to protect the interests of clients and other people involved. By the above clauses, I am morally bound to do the right thing. But I will also analyze f urther the fear or reservations my client has in this matter. My client is my main focus here. Even though he or her behaviour or disease will be unwarranted to the public, but I will need to know why this matter is an issue to be brought up by them. Encouraging HIV-positive patients to disclose their status, especially to their inner partners was an important challenge faced by the participants.They mentioned that despite the improvement in their counselling skills due to the trainings received and from their work experience, they still faced difficulties convincing some patients to voluntarily inform their partners about their HIV status. The major reason cited was fear of marital problems which included blame, verbal or physical assault, and even divorce. (Mueller . R. , 2007). Based on the above statement, I would see the the refusal to notify the sexual partners being common because these clients were more likely to have been promiscuous prior to their diagnosis.They further had experienced that patients who reveal their status were more likely to engage in safer sex, had better treatment compliance, and outcomes compared to those who concealed their status. In contrast if the patient still insists on not tattle the partner on their situation, even though I am going to still make the report but I will also savor to make efforts to educate the client to notify the partners. There would be ways to strategies to encourage and ensure the patient to willingly notify their partner.Part of my strategy would be to i) couple counselling, even if there is some reluctance to continue. , ii) educating them on the benefits of disclosure, iii) seeking consent from the patients to directly inform their partners in the patients presence in scenarios where patients lacked the courage to do so personally, and iv) I would try to contact the people involved in this situation that they are in the possibility of exposure to HIV without releasing the identity operator of my client (Njozing et al. 2011)

Friday, May 24, 2019

Independence Day Speech

Good morning respected principal, Father John, teachers and all(prenominal) the students present here. I am truly grateful to Father Ajit Kumar Xess for thinking me worthy of addressing this noble-minded gathering. Let me begin by congratulating all of you at the golden Jubilee of your school and also wishing each and e precise one of u a very Happy Independence daytime. For over half a century our nation has sprung, stumbled, run, followed, rolled over, gotten up and dusted herself. As students, we must always be reminded of this constant pertinacity that has always been the backbone of success of our nation today.We live in a bena whose faith in success is far greater than her fear of failure. We no longer boycott foreign goods but buy the companies that produce them instead. At this juncture we must also think of our emancipatedom fighters who laid down their lives for our state of matters independence. When they began with their struggle, they were young, just like you a nd me. Their struggle, dedication and unrelenting zeal transformed us into a free nation. They dreamt big, stayed focused, and fought against all odds to achieve their goal.As we stand here, at the threshold of a new phase in our lives, we must take valuable lessons from them and incorporated these into our lives. We must also think of the India today and compargon it with the India that the masses who fought for our independence, had in their minds. They fought for a free country where everyone would be regarded as equal, every Indian would have equal opportunities. But the India that we feel today is not quite an as it was imagined to be. We still have a long way to go.Even though, as Indians, we have a lot to be proud of we are the citizens of a country which has given birth to scholars like Rabindranath Tagore, Amartya Sen, Scientists like Jagdish Chandra Bose, C. V. Raman, visionaries like Mahatma Gandhi and Sportspersons like Kapil Dev, Saina Nehwal, who have represented ou r country and brought respect to our nation, worldwide. We must draw inspiration from these extraordinary Indians and do something which will not only benefit us, but will also attain our fellow Indians proud.In about an years time, most of you will be enrolled in engineering colleges, or medical colleges, or might as well go abroad for further studies. Let the thought of the Indian freedom fighters, scholars and scientist make you reach for the stars. At the same time, dont forget your motherland. We are yet to achieve a free and fair India. We have the third largest family of doctors, engineers and scientists. Yet, 25 % of our population is illiterate. That is 300,000,000 (a huge chunk of the population) people who cannot read or write. We are ranked the 2nd largest country in the world suffering from mal nutrition. 5 million people are suffering from AIDs. There exists a huge divide between one India and another India. One India says give me a meet and Ill prove myself, to the other India, we say prove yourself first and then u will have your chance. One India wants, the other India hopes one India exits and the other India follows. Our tariff as citizens of this country is to converge this divide and forge one India and thereby create a country that our freedom fighters envisaged. Do not let anything stem you from realising your potential.I would to leave you to mull over the following words given by the father of our nation I will give you a talisman. Whenever you are in doubt, or when the self becomes too some(prenominal) with you, apply the following test. Recall the face of the poorest and the weakest man woman whom you may have seen, and ask yourself, if the step you contemplate is sack to be of any use to him her. Will he she gain anything by it? Will it restore him her to a control over his her own life and pile? In other words, will it lead to swaraj freedom for the hungry and spiritually starving millions? Then you will find your doubts a nd yourself melt away.Independence Day SpeechFilipinos are worth destruction for. this is the famous line of the late senator Noynoy Aquino. Maybe our fellow Filipino who fought for the freedom of the Filipinos from the invaders of our country will also agree with what Noynoy Aquino has said. An Independence Day is an annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nations assumption of independent statehood, usually after ceasing to be a colony or part of another state, more rarely after the end of a military occupation. Most countries honor their respective independence day as a field of study holiday and some countries or nations independence-date honors are contested.Independence Day is the day to commemorate all the works of certain people or individuals who contributed much for the liberty of their country. More that celebrating the freedom of the country from slavery, dictatorship and tyrant rule, it is also the day to acknowledge all the sufferings and hardships of these people we called heroes. We recognize their bravery and thank them for all the things they contributed for the freedom of their country and countrymen. June 12, 1898, is a glorious date in the history of the Filipino people. On this day, President Emilio F. Aguinaldo proclaimed the freedom of the Filipino people.The Philippine national flag was hoisted and the countrys national anthem was played. President Aguinaldos proclamation of Philippine Independence not only heralded the birth of a new nation. It also brought glad tidings to the colonial subjects of Asia. It inspired the colonial subjects to struggle to be free. May I ask you this, if our heroes who fought for the freedom can see the current status of our country today, do you think they will be happy? Do think they will be glad that they sacrifice they lives for the sake of our country? . But if you have notice, and based on my opinion some Filipinos doesnt even know the word peace now.Yes its true that we are now fre e from any invaders and free from the colonization of other country but in our own indwelling land there is still war, a war against each Filipinos who doesnt know how to mingle with other Filipinos.. And as we all see our country is currently facing an extreme poverty. There is a very high rate of unemployed Filipinos. There are many Filipinos who are hardly to eat 3 times a day. The continuous rock oil price hike which has been affecting the prices of all products in the market and industry that also making our life harder. And the continuous growth of population which is caused of unemployment.People a lot say that education will be your key to success. But how will you be successful if unemployment is a big problem in our society today. fresh graduates are having a hard time seeking for a job suitable to their taken profession thats why sometimes they have no choice but to work in a job that is not related to their course only to say that they are employed. We are aware that our native land was blessed with many tourist destination and tourism brought us big contribution in the progression of our country. But what had happened lately at Quirino covered stand has changed everything.We are having a hard time convincing tourist to visit our country because of that tragedy. And this affected our country so much. And the never ending issue of terrorist act in Mindanao that is always been a subject in peace and order in our country. There is so called government in such country to lead the nation. But whats happening on our country today is a lot far from this. Our government itself is the one who is putting our economy status contemptible because of the word corruption. Instead of handling the nations fund wisely, they are putting it on their personal interest thats why no projects were been successfully founded.Yes we are free, free from the manipulation of other country ,but in our country I can say that we are definitely not free. Because we are chaine d into these different problems. It seems like we are in a battle towards our country problems for us to be totally called free. If only everyone of us were doing our duties and responsibilities as a responsible citizen of our country, and if everything were all in places, can you imagine how beautiful our country is? And through this everyone of us can proudly say that Filipinos are really worth dying for

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Counseling theory

Rational-emotive therapy stresses the ability of the leaf nodes to think on their own and change by making good judgments and winning action. Rational-emotive therapists believed that the problems of the nodes are rooted in childhood and in their belief system, which was formed during childhood. The advise involves method solving and dealing with emotional problems. The counselor assist the client eliminates self-defeating outlooks and perceive livelihood in a rational manner. According to Patrick PK.(2007) rational emotive therapist believed that cognition, and emotion are not incongruent military personnel aspects but are basically, integrated and holistic. In fact, this aspect is marching with other cognitive-behavioral aspects. Some of the strengths of rational-emotive and its application is its simplicity. Rational-emotive takes into consideration development levels as significant when dealing with patients, moreover, rational-emotive therapy fix absence of moral perspect ives. Rational-emotive therapy is important for rede profession.Its effectiveness, short-term aspect and low cost are the reasons for its attractiveness. The reality therapist assist the client controls the world well-nigh them and satisfy their individuals needs. The therapists believe that the client can change their life for the better. The therapy looks at the what and the why actions of the clients. Emotional problem is a result of clients perception and feelings. Reality therapy is thus based on the aspect that client accept the past and begin to behave in a prudent manner. Reality teaches the client a better ways of living and become more effective in satisfying their needs.2. empirical humanistic tradition Existential therapy is based on freedom of choice in changing ones life. The therapists believe that the individuals are responsible in shaping their own life and a need for self- awareness. The therapy focuses at the present and at the future life of an individual. Th e therapists help the client greet their freedom and perceive their possibilities of their future. They assist the client recognize their responsiveness of the future events. The therapy is well suited to assist the client make good choices affecting their lives.The theory is based on the following core aspects contact, easy participation of each other and mutual influence genuineness, to be reli competent, harmonious, human and transparent unconditional positive regard, accepting individuals being in spite of of his or her behavior and empathy understanding the moment experience of an individual. Other basic aspects of human conditions in existentialist approach include capacity for self-awareness, the freedom and state tension, the identity creation and the establishment of effective relationships and the recognizing distress as living conditions.The existentialists uphold that person ability for self-consciousness provides them freedom possibilities as well as recognizing tha t they are finite and have limited time. Thus individuals are free to choose the available alternatives in living and have an effective responsibility to constitute their personal destinies. The result of our choice is based on the way we live and hence individuals should be responsible in directing their lives. The existential therapy focuses at support clients to reflect on life, identify alternatives and chose the best alternatives.The therapists aimed at making people become aware of how to acknowledge situations and take control so as to invent their lives by looking for options that can create a meaningful life. 3. Logotherapy and gestalt therapy The main aspects of the logotheraphy are based on its need to consider person in their irreducible wholeness, as subjects endowed with values and presenting existential thematic that cannot be dealt with by purely psychological means. Logotherapy therapy begins with the soul and has a true intuitive consciousness and an strict int ernationality towards individuals values.Hence, during therapy, themes that are relating to the meaning of life are placed at the heart of counseling intervention and human behavior head to search for meaning and existential truth in all of its diverse manifestations. Therapist therefore contrasts assorted human forms of irresponsibility and led the clients towards the recognition of various possibilities and freedoms inherent in their choices. The therapy provides specific forms of intervention, which include self-transcendence and self-detachment.Everyone experiences moments in life may be considered normal and not really require any attention. However, individual may cope with this experience by forcing the circumstances but only to become knotted in a mesh. To overcome the situation, this therapy used the dereflection method, based on the intentionality concept. Gestalt therapy conversely incorporates the body and mind aspects, by emphasizing consciousness and integration. In corporation of behavior, feelings and perception is main aspect in the Gestalt therapy.Patients are perceived as being able to recognize how the impacts of the previous life could change their life. The therapist assist the client realizes their personal responsibilities, avoiding problems experience thins in a constructive manner and in a present awareness. The therapy lead the client have awareness of every moment in their life experience and challenge the client to accept to take vex of themselves instead of others doing for them. 4. Multicultural therapyMulticultural therapy is counseling that involves clients from differing racial, ethnic, and cultural groups and, thus, multicultural clients refer to clients from minority populations. It is significant to include cultural aspects when dealing with multicultural clients. Incorporating cultural variables in the healthful process requires one to be literate in ethnic and cultural information. Eliciting cultural information from clients allows the counselor to work with many diverse clients without having to become experts on particular ethnic groups.Hence, counselors must recognize the necessity of ethnic knowledge and cultural information elicited in conversations with clients. Multicultural therapist share commonalty aspects, which include exploring clients worldview, considering the role of acculturation, and taking additional roles. Exploring clients worldviews is a fundamental part of multicultural therapy. Therapists must find out the similarity and differences of the clients value system from the country of origin as well as system in the destination country.Exploration enables counselors to get information concerning how the clients view themselves later on being exposed to new cultures. Acculturation is a vital aspect in exploring cultural issues. It is even outment in which individuals from other culture are subjected to when first appearance a new culture. Therapist must look at the adaptati ve strategy that clients are deducing during therapy to assess accurately their level of acculturation. The clients should be encouraged to adjust the old rules for the actual consideration of the current situations.Lastly, when dealing with clients of minority cultures, the counselors are encouraged to take on additional rules. These include changing the idea of counseling as visualized and institutionalized in this county and enfold further styles of intervention. Such addition includes consulting help agencies and elucidating process and laws unusual to the client (Patrick, 2007). Reference Patrick PK. (2007). Internet counseling trend, application & ethical issues. In Patrick PK (ed). Contemporary Issues in therapy. Boston, MA Pearson Education, Inc.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Pm Tests

Week 2 Planning the Project Scope and Responsibilities Quiz - Top of make for Time Remaining 1. (TCO A) Projects incur specific attributes. Which of the following is not an attribute? (Points 5) Has a sponsor or customer. Has interdep checkent tasks. Utilizes various resources. All of the above be project attributes. 2. (TCO A) Which step of the project life cycle involves identification of a need, problem, or opportunity? (Points 5) Initiating Planning Performing Closing 3. TCO B) For a project, the objective is unremarkably defined in terms of which three items? (Points 5) Scope, schedule, and cost Schedule, plan, and controls Plan, scope, and packages Scope, cost and controls 4. (TCO A) a) If the project scope is increased, what are the likely steps that the project manager would take with regards to the new(prenominal) triple constraints? Why? (15 points) b) If the project schedule is relaxed or lengthened, what is the impact on quality? (15 points)(Points 30)Accor ding to the triple constraints Scope, Time, Cost.All three of these impact the quality depending on which calling off is affecteda) The longer a project takes to complete, the more it will impact the quality of the project as a whole. b) Being relaxed or expanding the time course for completion will impact scope and cost. Why? More money and less time to complete the work package deliverables. 5. (TCO B) You are reaching the end of your graduate school program, and are planning a large party to celebrate your success You have rented out the local forest preserve as the venue for your party.Applying your project management skills, you fate to ensure you have everything planned out and youve asked your family and friends to be a part of your team to hold this party. At your party, you have made it clear to your team what you want to have delivered. After all, its your party you can have whatever you want Some of the key items you want at your party include * offset announcements * Party invitations * Live entertainment * Games (for adults and for children) * Food * Beverages * Convenience for all (parking, rest board facilities, etc. a) To ensure you have a clear scope for your team, create a 2-level WBS. Dont forget to include your WBS numbering. (20 points) b) In your WBS, how many work packages have been created? (10 points)(Points 30)Level 11. 0 Graduation 1. 1 Graduation announcements 1. 2 Party invitations 1. 3 Live entertainment 1. 4 Games (for adults and for children)Level 22. 0 Food and Services 2. 1 Beverages 2. 2 Rest room facilities 2. 3 Valet Parking Time Remaining Bottom of Form

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Life as a Teenager in 2014 Essay

When I was younger, I al centerings thought my p arents knew everything and were never wrong. I gestated that they never made mis returns, they were excessively old and wise. The same went for my teachers, older members of our extended family and just adults in general. I felt so safe, soothe by the fact that they knew and were in catch, so I didnt go through to be. The older I became, the more(prenominal) I realized how faulty my ideas were. I never did become any wiser as I grew up I had information and data that bombarded my brain and write come onledge on how I must act to be socially accepted. I was told what I could do and what I mustnt do. Perhaps I do k straight saturnine more or so breeding and the world, but I siret understand it perhaps that is for the better.I opine when I first heard the song Teenagers by My Chemical Romance, and I began to compute about the meaning behind it.Theyre gonna clean up your looksWith all the lies in the booksTo lead a citizen out of youBecause they sleep with a gunAnd keep an eye on you, sonSo they washstand encounter all the things you do Because the drugs never workTheyre gonna give you a smirkCause theyve got methods of care you cleanTheyre gonna rip up your headsYour aspirations to shredsAnother cog in the murder machine They s shtup that teenagers scare the living s*** out of meThey could care less as long as individualll bleedSo darken your clothes or strike a violent pose perchance theyll give up you alone, but not me The boys and girls in the cliqueThe awful names that they stickYoure never gonna fit in much, kidBut if youre troubled and hurtWhat you got under your shirtWell make them pay for the things that they did The song did change my view on how teenagers are seen by society, but not in a way that I expected. I cerebrate that the singer, Gerard Way, is exploring how society wants to change teenagers to make them do as they are told and fit in and do well at school. However, the more t hey do this, the more teenagers rebel.In the chorus, Way expresses his fear of teenagers, of their tendency to perhaps be unpredict satisfactory and violent. So darken your clothes or strike a violent pose Maybe theyll leave you alone, but not me Ithink he is trying to put forward the idea that society might ignore them or leave them alone if they act threatening and imposing, but as he is an adult, he is expected to stay in line and meet the expectations of society. I think its difficult being a teenager. People dont seem to realize or might have dismantle forgotten. I am at the age where I am too old to rely on others and make mistakes but not old enough to take control of my liveness and look after my self. This time in my livelihood that makes up my teenage years is important, and I want to make the most of that but I denudation myself overwhelmed by set backs and a severe lack of control. There are so many aspects of my life the government wants to control.They want to cram so many exams and so much work into these few of a sudden years of our lives that we find ourselves snowed under it all. It seems that these years of our lives are the most important. They define us and decide what our succeeding(a) holds. The pressure is on if you fail your science G.C.S.E then you wont be able to take it for A level. If you cant take it for A level, you wont be able to memorise it at university, or get a PHD, or ever become a doctor. The government has trenchant that exams mean everything. An A and an A* could mean the difference between your dream job and being stressed for the rest of your life, stuck with a boring job that perhaps pays decently, becoming miserable and dying a failure. Its too much. This has to be the reason why we find that more and more teenagers each year are turning to drugs, self harm, eating disorders and depression. Why does everyone question the rise in the number of these cases? Is it not pellucid? Im sure it in addition has som ething to with the rise of the internet and everything that we are being exposed to. kinda frankly, we cant cope with it. It seems that no one understands but teenagers themselves. Of course, its all quite a cliche to aver that no one understands teenagers, but it does seem to be true. I wouldnt say that all teenagers cant cope and I realize that some cope better than others, but I know that our system isnt working. not the corrupt government with its exams and heavy pressure on students, and the not the corrupted internet with its social networking sites and pornographic images that seem to be everywhere.The adverts that tell us what a perfect person looks like are crushing and I find them insulting. There is a static reminder that lingers in the air telling us to be normal, a clone of everyone else and to fit in. both(prenominal) people come to a confidential information in their life when they decide that enoughis enough and they part what they want and act how they like. I have a theory that people are like propel shots the more they are pulled back and restrained, the further they go when they are let go. They get to a point where they cannot be pulled back any further. This is when people pierce and tattoo their bodies or wear socially inconceivable clothing to show the world that they are not going to be told what to do. There are also the quiet ones who starve themselves to be in control, take drugs to take away the pain or self harm to prove that the pain they are feeling is not just in their heads, its real and they can control it.There are even people who work themselves sick to be in control of their future. What I find interesting is that every generation is different each has its avouch pressures that differ from the last. Not long ago, I would have been expected to get married not too soon from now and raise a family, possibly with a man I didnt even love. Only deep has homosexuality become socially and legally acceptable. So before, te enagers would have had trouble fitting in, or would have had to pretend to be heterosexual. We as teenagers never really have been in control and with a temperament like mine, that can be extremely overwhelming. It seems now we are finding our voice and are able to express ourselves. I can see that there are positive aspects about being a teenager in this day and age some of us turn to positive hobbies to take our minds off the stress of exams. More and more teenagers are relying on their great passion in life and growing it to take their mind off their difficulties. This might be music, cooking, writing, designing, conscription or sport. I still remember the first time I played the drums and Ive never looked back. They made me love music even more and I started playing the guitar as well. I wrote songs and started to sing. Music became my obsession and it is one aspect of my life that I can control.I can do it myself without having to listen to the people who tell me what I shou ld be listening to, what I should be playing or what I should be writing. I do believe that if vigor is going to change, then we all need something to turn to in life that reminds us we can cope. I know that it wouldnt work for everyone, but perhaps people who take drugs could start drawing or painting. Instead of people focussing on their body weight they could start to cook their own food and be in control of that instead. People who self harm could write down their feelings or express it through music, or even go out and run offtheir sadness. I think people need to remind themselves what makes them happy and if nothing does then they should find something. I know nothing will change for some time, but in the meantime we need to find a way to make the most of our teenage years.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Total Quality Management in Toyota

Introduction Toyota is cardinal of the worlds largest car shapers, selling over9 million rides in 2006 on tot every(prenominal)y five continents. A Top 10 Fortune Global 500 enterprise, Toyota ranks among the worlds jumper lead global corporations and is proud to be the most admired automaker, an achievement the comp whatever believes stems from its dedication to guest satisf follow up. Toyota has been wrought by a caboodle of value and principles that come out under ones skin their roots in the guilds pliant years in Japan.The Toyota story begins in the late 19th nose standdy, when Sakichi Toyoda invented Japans first might loom, which was to revolutionise the countrys textile manufacture. In January 1918, Sakichi founded the Toyoda Spinning & Weaving Company, and with the help of his son, Kiichiro Toyoda, he accomplish his livenesslong dream of building an automatic loom in 1924. Two years later, he set up Toyoda Automatic Loom Works. Like his father, Kiichiro was an innovator, and during his visits to Europe and the U. S. in the 1920s, he became deeply interested in the emergent automotive persistence.Making the most of the ? 100,000 that Sakichi Toyoda received for selling the patent fulls of his automatic loom, Kiichiro laid the foundations of Toyota Motor union (TMC), which was established in 1937. From looms to cars, the Toyota experience has been shaped by extending the boundaries of manufacturing. History When Toyota became the first Japanese car manufacturer to venture into motor sports in 1957, Shotaro Kamiya, because president of the Toyota Motor Sales Company, encouraged his team with his tone that, There impart be no progress if you fear ill luck. The Toyota spirit For half a century this courageous spirit has escaped these pioneers and their successors. Aw be of the immense task ahead, Toyota approached motor sports with a mixture of forbearance and ambition. Over the decades, the companys kaizen method of unvarying advancement proved a winning strategy. Toyota last accumulating hard-won experience, pro respect and a long string of victories at tracks completely around the world. The purpose of this spue is to how Toyota analysis of resultant roleiveness of Total timbre counselling in the simple machine industry.The reason is fictional character of a product or a overhaul plays a gravestone role in the actual championship environment. Total smell focussing is a philosophy that guides every activity inside a disdain. It is refer with developing and sustaining a culture of continuous progress, which focuses guests expectation at a low-toned constitute. Providing the best product or benefit at the minimum price is the master(prenominal) challenge go close to by the current competitive patronageup environment.Toyota customers ar price sensitive bargonly at the like time they expect value for money, large companies assimilate been equal to gain the economies of scal e therefore, they have been able to deliver low price products to the foodstuff. But the pure tone of that product can non al centerings be impressive as they mainly focus on the low cost. Traditionally the cost of superior is considered as an additional cost but at present cost of tone of voice has interpreted a major(ip) role of a product costing.As the competition and business survival in modem physical compositions are intensifying, they requisite non merely to increase their market military position share by improving the quality or products and divine serve ups, but as well improve the slaying of their employees. In the early 1980s, the fancy of total quality vigilance was widely applied to manufacturing industries. The finish of Total graphic symbol Management has recently sh avouch its significance in run industries for improving the quality of service and customers satisfaction, which has resulted in increased competitive advantage.In the UK, service autom obile industry represents a dynamic and all important(predicate) sector, which occupies a major part of the economy. Rapid development of modern levels of service capabilities would be the best solving to deliver mellow value- added service to satisfy the customers need in the UK automobile industry. The sentiency of the important of quality in the survival and competitive advantage has recently leaded to spread in UK automobile industry (black 1999).Since the military forceive implementation of Total character Management hinges on the development of a business political program and providing value added customers focused bringes, it is interesting to study the key drivers, which forget make application of TQM flourishing in service companies much(prenominal)(prenominal) as hotels, banks and hospital etc. Research Objectives Out kris of Toyotas TQM giving medication depth psychology of the effectiveness of TQM in Toyota Critically evaluate how Toyota has benefit by ad opting TQM principle An analysis of the current tasks encountered by Toyota principle of TQM The main reason to choose this topic as my dissertation is my personal experience.Toyota is my main means of transportation. Toyota companies own a well-sophisticated technology charge very expensive tickets fares, yet inefficient automobile industries had given me the interest to study active it for a long time. Train delays are the main paradox that commuters face. The monopoly of train operating companies has made this situation worsened. I always believed that Toyota could give a better service at a low rate than now. Also I am personally interested in TRANSPORT economics, which has given me an added reason to do research IN Toyota.Total caliber Management is all about the managing the quality at work on whatever we do and also it helps to reduce and service cost. So that I decide to do a research on application of Total Quality management in Toyota. Literature review Quality is the key to competitive advantage in todays business environment. As more organisations for Total Quality Management (TQM), the choices open to those wanting to set up a quality system are becoming increasing varied. Good business, which in deflect general prosperity and employment, is not any(prenominal)thing, which comes about by chance.It is result of the skills with which business in general is managed and business in general is altogether the sum of the activities of the business units. Through all the years that I have been in business I have never yet found our business bad as a result of any outside force. It has always been due to some defect in our own company, and whenever we located and repaired the defect our business become good again regardless of what anybody else may be doing. atomic number 1 FORD According to the above remark done by Henry Ford, it implies that the success or failure of a company depends on the strength and weaknesses of that company.in one case t hey can rectify their slip ups then they can gain their success back. So by doing everything correctly, with zero defects the failure of a business is minimal. Total Quality Management can be practices in every department, in every activity in a company. It should be practices from senior management to the least level of the employee. Then any business can get success in the competitive business environment. The concept of Total Quality Management was developed by an American, W. Edward Deming, after World War II for improving the production quality of goods and service.The concept was not taken seriously by American until the Japanese, who adopting it in 1950 to resurrect their post war business and industry, used it to get the hang world markets by 1980. By then most U. S. manufacturing had finally accepted that the nineteenth century fictionalisation line factory model was outdated for the modern global economic markets (Mehrotra, 2005). Total Quality is a description of the c ulture, attitude and organisation of a company that aims to provide, and continue to provide, its customers with products and run that satisfy their of necessity.The culture makes quality in all aspect of the companys operations, with things organism done right first time, and defects and chase away eradicated from operations. What is Total Quality Management? The two key elements in this research are Total Quality Management and corporate strategy. The main aim is to extend an inductive grounded theory study into the strategic jar of Total Quality Management and is to dwelling house corporate strategy and TQM in context. The seeks to inductively develop an understanding of the relationship between TQM and strategy, as opposed to testing existing theory.A brief strategic quality management literature review is given, followed by a description of the grounded theory research methodology involving 19 grounded subject area studies. The grounded results are discussed in the conte xt, in which they were made, this allowing the grounded picture to emerge according to the (Eisenhardt, 1989, 1991). Even though Total Quality Management is all about the managing the quality at work on whatever we do, it has got a grand theoretical area as quality should be everywhere in an organisation. Total Quality Management applies from top to bottom of an organisation, from strategic decisions to final out allot.Total Quality Management can be analyse from three different approaches. They are contribution from quality leaders, formal evaluation models and empirical research. Deming (1986) underlined the use of statistical techniques for quality control, and proposed has 14 principles to improve quality in organisation, base on the following ideas. Leadership, an approach philosophy, the right production from the beginning, training for managers and employees, internal communication aimed at the elimination of obstacles for cooperation and the suppression of quantitative o bjective.Juran (1993) decimal pointed out the grandeur of both technical and managerial aspects, and indentified the three basic function of the quality management march. They are meanning, organisation and control, as the stages for quality betterment. He indicated that the aim of the management is to reduce the cost of mistakes, reaching a point where the total costs of quality are minimal according to (Juran and Gryna, 1993). Ishikawa (1985) emphasized the importance of training, the usage of courting effect diagrams for problem solving, and quality circles as a way to achieve continuous receipts.Crosby (1979) particularized 14 steps for quality improvement, including top and intermediate management commitment, quality quantity, evaluation of quality costs, corrective action, and training, a zero defect philosophy, objective setting and employee recognition. Lastly, Feigenbaum (1991) described the notion of total quality, based mainly on leadership and an understanding of the aspects of quality improvement, a commitment to incorporate quality in the firms practices, and the participation of the entire workforce, the objective being the reduction of total costs.Some of the above mentioned theories have discussed in details in this chapter. Juran (1993) concluded that Total Quality Management is the set of management accomplishes and system that bring forth delighted customers through empowered employees, leading to higher r flushue and lowest cost. According to that definition TQM is a combination of all functions and process within an organisation in order to achieve continuous improvement of the quality of goods and service for the customer satisfaction.To accomplish this is need to involve every one and all activities of a continuous way of life for the purpose of managing the quality of the all activities. Total Quality Management is an fundamental interaction of number of ideas. In order to attain the quality of an organisation, in terms of all the functions, it is a start to finish process that integrates co-ordinated function at all levels. It is a systems approach that considers every fall into place between the various elements of the organisation.As a result of this interaction the boilersuit surgical procedure of the organisation give be higher than total of the individual output from the subsystems. Those subsystems such as include organisational functions in the products life one shot such as design, planning, production, distribution and field service. It also needs to integrate management subsystems such as strategy with customers focus, the tools of quality and employee involvement that the linking process integrates whole. As a result of all those activities any product or service can be improved.This particular structure leads the organisation in to continuous improvement and finally customer satisfaction (PHS management training 2005). Continuous improvement of all operations and activities is at the heart of TQM. This is because customer satisfaction can only be achieved by providing a high quality products, continuous improvement of the quality of the product is seen as the only way to maintain a high level of customer satisfaction. As well as recognising the link between product quality and customer satisfaction, TQM also recognises that product quality is the result of process quality.As a result, there is a focus on continuous improvement of the companies processes. This exit lead to an improvement in process quality. In turn this will lead to an improvement in product quality, and to increase in customer satisfaction. feeler cycle per seconds are encouraged for all activities from design and development of products, through routine support and administrative service, to customer relationship management. To achieve continuous improvement Toyota gas to measure and analyze its own performance and that of separate companies.Top management commitment and involvement is req uired in creating and developing clear quality values and goals consistent with the objective of Toyota, and in creating and developing well defined systems, methods and performance measure for achieving those goals. Such systems and methods guide all quality activities and encourage participation by all employees. The development and use of performance indicators is linked, straightway or indirectly, to customer requirements and satisfaction, and employee remuneration elimination of waste is a major component of the quality improvement approach.There is also a strong wildness on maintainion rather than detection, hence an tenseness on quality at the design stage. The customer driven process helps to prevent errors and get finisher to defect free production. When problems do occur within the product development process, the aim is to identify and figure them rather than hide them they are generally discovered and re drubd before they can get to the near internal customer Bench marking What is that organisation do that gets results so much better than ours?The answer to this question opens the adit to benchmarking, an approach that is accelerating among U. S. firm that have adopted the total quality management (TQM) philosophy. The essence of benchmarking is the continuous process of comparing a companys strategy, products and processes with those of the world leaders and best in conformation organisations in order to learn how the achieve excellence and then setting out match and even go it. For many organisations, benchmarking has become a key component of their TQM programs (Joel E. Ross)National and internationalist quality awards place considering emphasis on the need to make inter firm proportions on a spectrum of performance related criteria. This is called benchmarking. This comparison may be within the industrial sector or against best practice irrespective of the industry concerned. Such comparisons can be made in almost any measures which a re not salutary industry specific. For instance, financial performance measurement such as return on capital employee, debitor and creditor ration, credit period or training levels, plan availability and efficiency. Joel E. Ross) concludes the real meaning of benchmarking is the continuous process of comparing a companys strategy, products and processes with those of the worlds leader and best in class organisation in order to learn how they achieved excellence and then setting out to match and even surpass it. Nowadays benchmarking is a key component of TQM programs. There is currently some debate about which TQM practices contribute most to superior performance end points.Several proponents argue that softer TQM practices such as leadership, human preference management, and customer focus have more rival than benchmarking, process analysis or performance measurement. The tell for which TQM factors contribute most too improved performance is not yet conclusive, and sometimes contradictory. Using info from a longitudinal study of 67 TQM firms we contribute to this debate. Our central hypothesis is that measurement of key TQM practices and performance cores in essential for TQM success.We examine the measurement practise of this cohort of firms, and report on the motleys in their measurement behaviour over time. Specifically, we analyse sevensome dimensions of measurement relating to customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, and process performance, impact of TQM on costs, and sales, self-importance assessment, and benchmarking. We calculate a measurement intensity score for each firm, based on how many of these seven parameters were being measured, and we show that increased measurement intensity is strongly associated with perceived TQM success.Finally, use multivariate severalize analysis, we identify eight variables that explain the level of TQM success with a classification accuracy of almost 90 %. We conclude that to attain the highest lev els of TQM success, firm need to engage in the measurement practices of self assessment and benchmarking, but our data suggest that an appropriate measurement framework needs to be in place ahead ( Taylor 2006) One of the biggest mistake masses make when beginning their benchmarking endeavour is that they only look to benchmark individual within their own industry.Although this doesnt hurt, but obviously industries already know enough about their industry to know what works and what doesnt. Some heap think they must benchmark their competitor. But if the competitor is worse than your company, it can be a big waste of time and energy. And it will not give the good result for the company. Instead of benchmarking a company that is well cognize for being a good model will give a favourable result to the company.Benchmarking will help to image out, who performs the business process very well and gas process practices that are adaptable to your own organisation if you need to condu ct a comprehensive benchmark study or if you can obtain 80 90 % of what you need from just using the telephone, email or any different electronic survey to communicate your needs with other member on the benchmarking exchange (Hing, 2001). The drive of customer satisfaction The benefit of having customers who are satisfactory is well known. The issues in building customer satisfaction are to acquire satisfied customers, know when you have them, and keep.The obvious way to determine what makes customers satisfied is simply to ask them. (Joel E. Ross) Total quality management has a customer first orientation. The customer, not internal activities and constraints, comes first. Customer satisfaction is seen as the companys highest priority. The company believes it will only be successful if customers are satisfied. The TQM company is sensitive to customer requirements and responds rapidly to them. In the TQM context, being sensitive to customer requirements goes beyond defect and err or reduction, and merely specification or reducing customer complaints (Black, 1999).The concept of requirement is expanded to take in not only product and service attributes that meet basic requirements, but also those that enhance and differentiate them for competitive advantage. from each one part of the company is involved in Total Quality, operating as a customer to some function and as a supplier to others. The engineering department is a supplier to downstream functions such as manufacturing and field service, and has to treat these internal customers with the same sensitivity and responsiveness as it would external customers.This also helps to motivate employees activities as the conflicts are minimal as they treat each other as customers. TQM Components TQM has four basic components 1. Put customers first 2. Make Continuous Improvement 3. Aim for zero defects 4. grooming and development Put Customers First A quality product or service satisfies customers needs and expect ations. Whether a product or service is of high or low quality, will be decided by how it made the consumer feel and whether consumer expectations were satisfied or exceeded. See quality.If customers are not put first, then customer expectations will be difficult to satisfy and consequently quality will not be achieved. Customers can be put first through a variety of initiatives including Undertaking market research to discover consumer needs so that the organisation can develop products and work that exceed their consumers needs. Looking after all customers whether internal or external. Internal customers are employees of the organisation and are known as customers when they approach each other for a service.External customers are all non-employees (of the organisation) that approach the organisation in connection with a service or product. Effective customer care systems. Ensuring that all service standards are met. Listening to customer views and opinions. Responding to cus tomer views including resolving customer complaints in a manner that satisfies their expectations. erst time customer complaints are re authorised they should be analysed to prevent future recurrence. Make Continuous Improvement The Japanese term kaizen has contributed to this component.Kaizen believes that there are no limits to continuous improvement. This means that a TQM organisation will always strive to improve their product/service and increase the quality standards. A TQM organisation will also view change positively whether the change involves a process change or a change in customer needs and expectations. This is because changes will enable the organisation to develop and explore quality. Aim for nix Defects There are a number of reasons behind the aim to eradicate defects. Defects are expensive because they will lower the customers confidence in the product.Also it is more expensive to rectify defects than it is to prevent them occurring in the first place. Zero defec ts can be achieved through a combination of quality self-assertion and quality control. Training and Development An organisation will need to train their employees to envision that they understand the principles of TQM. A TQM organisation employee will need to understand how TQM is to be achieved or maintained and how they as an employee will ensure that the organisation emulates TQM. Unless each employee accepts and believes in TQM it will be difficult for the organisation to practice TQM.QUALITY Quality is important to business organisations and their consumers. This is because quality products or services can and will secure consumers business. just do not equate quality with expensive, as price will not determine quality. Whether a product or service is of high or low quality, will be decided by how it made the consumer feel and whether consumer expectations were satisfied or exceeded. Adding Value Some writers such as Tom Peters (in his control Thriving on Chaos) believe th at quality rather than price dictates demand for a product.Peters argues that customers will be prepared to pay for high quality. This means that value is added to a product by ensuring that products/services have the quality consumers require. Quality Control This is defined as the process of identifying which products/services do not meet the organisations standards. Once identified the products/services below standard will then be adapted (so that they meet the standards pass judgment) or discontinued Quality Assurance The purpose of this is to ensure that products/services are not below standard when manufactured or used by the consumer.The aim of quality boldness is to make sure that all the goods produced or services offered have zero defects. Quality government agency should save costs as products below standard can not be sold. It should also shelter the organisations reputation. Whilst quality control is about identification of low quality products, quality assurance is about prevention. In other words the aim of quality assurance is to ensure that products are not below standard. Quality Circles A quality circle is made up of a group of flock at various levels within the organisation.These people will have meetings where they will discuss and attempt to solve problems within the organisation. Each of these problems will be real problems faced by the organisation and will require solutions that can be put into practice. Training To ensure that an organisation can offer the quality expected by their consumers, they will strive to continuously improve their product or service. This is because a constantly evolving market place will change consumer demands, needs and expectations with it. Continuous improvement will only take place if staff possesses the right skills and knowledge.Skills and knowledge are usually acquired by the staff through the organisations ongoing training and development programs. Fishbone Analysis A tiltbone analysis is also known as a cause and effect analysis. The concept was thought up by Kaoru Ishikawa. The analysis suggests that in order to solve a problem an organization is going through, the firm should try to find out the causes. Only when the causes are discovered and understood can you prevent the problem from occurring again. The best way to view the cause and effect was to draw it out like a fish skeleton with the problem at the head of the fish and the bones, the causes.Causes of problems could be anything from Manpower Machinery Materials the firm uses Methods of making the product Or it could be down to one or some of the elements of the in business (see below). If you look at this diagram the problem for the company is declining sales, the causes of declining sales when traced back can be from inefficient processes, to lack of training for staff. To address the problem of declining sales the causes need to be addressed. The benefit of a fishbone analysis is it enables the problem to be traced back to the root causes, with the aim of trying to find long term solutions.A cause and effect analysis is usually completed in teams, where the fishbone is force out and team member brainstorm possibilities of the problem. Total Quality Management is the set of management processes and systems that execute delighted customers through empowered employees, leading to higher revenue and lower cost. Total Quality Management is the integration of all functions and processes within an organisation in order to achieve continuous improvement of the quality of goods and services. The goal is customers satisfaction.Of all the management issues faced in the last decade, none has had the impact of or caused as much concern as in America products and services. A report The concept of Total Quality Management Total Quality Management is based of ideas. It means thinking about quality in terms of all functions of the enterprise and is a start to finish process that integrates interrel ated functions at all levels. It is a systems approach that considers every interaction between the various elements of the organisation.This would means that, the overall effectiveness of the system is higher than the sum of the individual outputs from the subsystems. The subsystems include all the organisational functions in the life cycle of product, such as 1. Design 2. Planning 3. Production 4. Distribution 5. Field service The management subsystem also require integration, including 1. Strategy with a customers focus 2. The tools of quality 3. Employee involvement A corollary is that any product, process, or service can be improved, and a successful organisation is one that consciously seeks and exploits opportunities for improvement at all levels.The load bearing structure is customers satisfaction. The conference board has summarized the key issues and terminology relates to Total Quality Management The cost of quality as the measure of non quality not meeting customer req uirements and a measure of how the quality process is progressing A cultural change that pry the primary need to meet customer requirements, implements a management philosophy that acknowledges this emphasis, encourages employee involvement, and embraces the ethic of continuous improvement. alter mechanisms of change, including training and education, communication, recognition, management behaviour, teamwork, and customer satisfaction programs. Implementing Total Quality Management by defining the mission, identifying the output, indentifying the customers, negotiating customer requirements, developing a suppliers specification that details customer objective, and determining the activities required to actualize those objectives. Management behaviour that includes acting as role models, use of quality process and tools, encouraging communication, sponsoring feedback activities, and facts of life and providing a supporting environment. Continuous improvement Continuous improve ment methods can be used to assists Toyota getting better their manufactured goods and services and via using continuous improvement in each week or month not matter what size the development is made but progress has to obtain place a model which be able to used is PDCA which stands for plan, do, act and square up.The PDCA is a model of continuous improvement which be capable of being employed to get better Toyota goods and services and assisting them to expand new goods and services or even to get better the merit of their manufactured goods and services via preparation how the organisation will get better their manufactured goods and services and then how the Toyota will carry out to the plans and then using the plans and finally confirming if the tactics working and this stages will continues in anticipation of they contain makes new products or services or even better existing products and services.The cause of the effect looks like selected at the outcome of the subject which contain occur carry out via the Toyota for instance they had issues through the excellence of the manufactured goods and the effect of effect would show all the possible cause which are the issues and then they be able to employs the effecting of outcome within their organisation to perceive what issues the they have. By doing that it will helps them to undertake the issues in anticipation of no obtain of cause or it is reducing therefore, if there is still a issues then they will not be effecting by the results of it.The why why why analysis know how to assists them via status the issues and then asking them how is the issues has relegate and once the why why why analysis recognise the issues afterwards in anticipation of the issues is not resolve the why why why analysis is maintains on creature continually to resolve all the issues which they has and after that once known see if they be able to remove all the problems. The six sigma improvement model There are five fundamenta l phases or stages in applying the sic- sigma approach to improving performance in a process Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC).These from an improvement cycle grounded in Demings original Plan, Do, Check, Act. In the six- sigma approach, DMAIC provides breakthrough strategy and disciplined method of using rigorous data gathering and statistically based analysis to indentify source of errors and ways of eliminating them. It has become increasingly common in so called six sigma organisation, for people to refer to DMAIC projects these revolve around the three major strategies for processes to bring about rapid bottom line achievements design /redesign, management and improvement.DMAIC (Define, measure, analyze, improve, and control) this is a good problem solving tool to help improve manufacturing quality and productivity. ? Define This is the start of the of DMAIC technique were the team at hand need to try and look into the problem at hand. What is used to help understand the problem with the project would be a project rent which is information on the product. ? Measure The second phase of DMAIC is to grab as much information from the define process so that the improvement team can try to understand how the process operates but are not interested with the problem at this time.This phase is mainly to do with the understanding of the process. ? Analyze Once understanding the process the team now needs to analyze what is the main cause of the problem being studied. ? Improve Once the team have analyzed the problem they can now see what could be done to improve the problem, this is usually done by brainstorm solutions to help the problem. ? Control The last action to be taken would be taking control of the problem by issuing a plan on what to do and how to sort the problem out. These might include 1.Review and update the process purpose 2. Update any affected work instructions 3. Develop training that describes the newly implemented methods 4. catch out new metrics to verify the effectiveness of new process 5. Determine if the process changes can be effectively implemented in other processes http//6sixsigma. com/index. php/DMAIC-Cycle. html The second assessment tool Toyota could adopt is called the Fishbone Analysis also known as the ishikawa diagram. This system is designed to identify and list all the factors that are condition the problem at hand.This technique helps understand the scale of a situation. It helps brainstorm information from different perspectives within a team or individually to help solve a problem. It is also known to be a very effective system to help people coming from different backgrounds or professional disciplines to working in a much easier business environment to solve problems. This system has a major advantage because usually teams initiate immediately into fixing a problem without taking the time to plan and understand the problem.This is not a good method because the end result usuall y ends with only part of the problem having been resolved. The fishbone analysis has a more carful style into understand the problem with its careful planning brainstorming method. http//www. tda. gov. uk/upload/resources/pdf/f/fishbone_analysis_spring2007. pdf The main problem is written on the right hand side of the paper. On the bottom and top of the stems you type 5-6 key factors of the problems or issues that have to be resolved. http//www. tda. gov. k/upload/resources/pdf/f/fishbone_analysis_spring2007. pdf Now you can use the 5-6 key factors to break down into sub headings of other factors that need to be understood to help the solutions for the main development phase. This is a very good was of working as a team as well, you could have a certain team responsible for one main fish bone. The PDCA cycle is something that came around in the 1950s and is still being used today on an international level weather it would be in training facilities to business environments.It is a four stage check list that will help you get from problem faced to problem solved. It is a continuous cycle that starts with careful planning, must result in effective action, and must move on again to planning. The way PDCA is used Plan to improve your operation you first need to understand what is going on with careful planning. Do To make the changes and try and solve the problem on a smaller scale. This minimises disruption and while testing weather the changes have taken affect or not. Check This method is to check if the changes are meeting the targets to ensure you know how the output is at all times to identity if any new problems are arising. Act The last stage is to make the changes that are required on a large scale if the experiment has proven to be successful. In a business this could be getting other departments or even suppliers involved because maybe they may be affected by the changes. Or these people or departments could have been added in the Do stage. http//l eadershipchamps. files. wordpress. com/2008/03/pdca. png

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Blown to Bits Essay

Technology has rapidly advanced, affecting standards on privacy, telecommunications, and criminal law. Every day, we encounter unexpected consequences of selective teaching executes that could not have happened a few years ago. Due to the bits explosion, the world changed very suddenly. Almost everything is stored in a computing machine somewhere. Court records, grocery purchases, precious family photos, radio programs It is all exis tence reduced to zeroes and ones bits. The bits be stashed on disks of home computers and in the data centers of big corporations and government agencies. The disks good deal hold so many another(prenominal) bits that at that place is no need to pick and choose what constitutes remembered. So much disk storage is being produced every year that it could be used to record a page of reading, every minute or two, nigh you and every other human being on earth. Once something is on a computer, it set up replicate and move around the world in a hea rtbeat.Making a million better copies takes but an instant copy of things we want everyone in the world to see, and also copies of things that werent meant to be copied at all. Due to instantaneous transfers, some data leak. Credit card records ar supposed to stay locked up in a data warehouse, but escape into the hands of identity thieves. And we sometimes give information away just because we get something back for doing so. A company will give you free mobilise calls to anywhere in the worldif you dont mind watching ads for the products its computers hear you talking about. The keep back presents 7 koans or principles regarding the bits and the effect of it on humanity. Koan 1 Even though your computer seems to present pictures, texts, songs, and videos, they are all composed of bits. Everything thats digital are ruled by bits. Even as we speak, bits are flying through the airwaves by our phones. Koan 2 Every copy made by a computer is perfect.The era of booksbeing handwrit ten oftentimes resulting to mistakes, has now been closed by digital explosion. And even though these machines do fail as long as the bits have been communicated, the probability of error of the bits is so slim. Koan 3 Vast as world-wide data storage is today, five years from now it will be ten times as large. Yet the information explosion means, paradoxically, the loss of information that is not online. Outdated software package and information not stored in the computer are usually assumed as inexistent. Koan 4 The velocity of a computer is usually measured by the number of basic operations, such as additions, that can be performed in one second. The fastest computers available in the early 1940s could perform about five operations per second. The fastest today can perform about a trillion.Koan 5 exponential growth is actually smooth and steady it just takes very little time to pass from vague change to highly visible. In the rapidly changing world of bits, it pays to notice ev en small changes, and to do something about them. Koan 6 Data stored will all be kept forever, unless there are policies to get rid of it. The Internet consists of millions of interconnected computers once data gets out, there is no getting it back. Victims of identity larceny experience daily the distress of having to remove misinformation from the record. It seems never to go away. Koan 7 In the bits world, in which messages flow instantaneously, it sometimes seems that distance doesnt matter at all.The instantaneous communication of massive amounts of information has created the misimpression that there is a place called Cyberspace, a land without frontiers where all the worlds people can be interconnected as though they were residents of the same small town. The book introduces two basic morals. The first is that information technology is inherently neither good nor badit can be used for good or ill, to free us or to shackle us. Second, new technology brings social change, and change comes with both risks and opportunities. each technology can be used for good or ill. Nuclear reactions create electric bureau and weapons of mass destruction. The same encryption technology that makes it possible for you to email your friends with confidence that no eavesdropper will be able to decipher your message also makes it possible for terrorists to plan their attacks undiscovered. The key to managing the ethical and moral consequences of technology while nourishing economic growth is to regulate the use of technology withoutbanning or restricting its creation.