Gharar in Islamic Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gharar in Islamic Law - Assignment ExampleFinally, even if the relevant agreements amounted to agreements to repair Riba, the principal sums advanced could validly be claimed (Usmani, 2001). Hence, Murabaha Agreements should be in accordance with Islamic law, all that is demand is certification by Islamic Banks Religious Supervisory Board and the principal amounts argon dispensed in accordance with the scathe of Murabaha Agreements (Usmani, 2001). The Gharar contains uncertainty in a contract or trade where the goods may or may not be available (the bird in the air or the fish in the water). It shows ambiguity in the consideration or terms of a contract. As much(prenominal) the contract would not be void. An example tainted with Gharar is an agreement to sell goods which have already been change (Vogel and Samuel, 1998). This paper finds Gharar in depth in three contracts. The three contracts that I have analyzed in this paper are somewhat car, property and stocks. The Bank ha s followed the methods of Islamic banking while still Gharar can be found in them. Elements of Riba and Gharar are present in the contr real documents. The transactions if carried out under the mentioned products (cars, stocks and property) ask Murabaha Financing. The important ingredients of the Murabaha Financing Agreement are The Preamble it is an integral part of the agreement Definitions incorporation of the terms a) Account b) Agency Agreement c) Agreement d) Client Financials e) Declaration f) Due dates g) Goods h) Murabaha Account i) Purchase terms j) credential k) Security Deposits Purchase and Sale Agreement Mode of Payment example of the Client Representation of the Institution General Covenants of the Client General Covenants of the Institution Warranties of the Institution Security Risk of Loss Takafol remediation Governing Law and Jurisdiction Set off Acceleration General Execution of document by the Counterparts ( The Institution and The Client) Dated Witnesses S chedule of Documents a) Agency Agreement b) Declaration c) Promissory Note d) Description of Security (Ghafoor, 1995). Murabaha Finance Agreement for Car The first contract is about Murabaha Finance Agreement for car. The contract is about a client bank agreement on buying a car in instalments unless there are several conditions for the client, which he has to adhere in order to get the car. A set ashore payment is given after which, monthly instalments are fixed for the customer. As this is a Murabaha contract, therefore it is substantial to know about Murabaha. Murabaha is a term in Islamic Fiqh and it refers to a particular kind of cut-rate sale having nothing to do with financing in its original sense. If a seller agrees with his purchaser to provide him particular commodity on a certain bring in added to his cost it is considered Murabaha transaction. The basic ingredient of Murabaha is that the seller discloses the actual cost he or she has incurred in acquiring the commo dity and then adds some profit thereon. This profit may be lump sum or may be in fraction (Al-Qardawi, 2001). In conventional financing, the moneyman lends money to the client on interest. After giving the interest bearing loan, the financier has nothing to do with its usage. In the case of Murabahah no money is advanced by the financier. Instead the

To What Extent Can We Attribute the Conditions of the Late Republic to Essay

To What Extent Can We Attribute the Conditions of the Late Republic to the Actions of iodin Individuals - Essay ExampleStill, one of the most predominant means of scholarly analysis remains the conditions of the belated Republic. Varying perspectives have considered the actions during this period in relation to a number of contextual criteria. The main modes of fact-finding inquiry situate the late Republic as either attributable to the actions of specific individuals, or the actions of these individuals hardly attempts at restoring order. Analysis Sallust provides a broad ranging historic account of Rome. Rather than merely recounting historical events, Sallust works to diagnose the city in terms of psychic qualms. He first establishes Rome as a city of colossal courage and valor that later gives way to avarice and desire for power. He states, At first these vices grew slowly, from time to time they were punished finally, when the disease had spread like a vitriolic plague, th e state was changed and a govern ment second to none in equity and excellence became cruel and intolerable.1 While Sallust does not refer to a specific period of the Roman republic where such a situation emerged, there is the general qualitative recognition of Rome as not simply beholden to individuals, but rather, an entire state that had lost its way. To a large extent, the aforementioned psychic criticisms of the state atomic number 18 presented as a crumbling tapestry that gives way to conspiracies against the government. For instance, Sallust articulates Gnaeus Pisos effort to overthrow the government. While, strictly speaking, this is the effort of an individual, at heart the epistemological context of the text, it appears to be the result of both general political strife, as well as the reduced values that overtook the late Republic. This, then, is the further recognition as the actions of the late Roman republic as occurring to restore order, rather than to respond to the ill-will of specific individuals. While Sallust articulates a late Roman republic that had experienced a widespread abandonment of proper values, he balances this depiction with criticism levied specifically at Lucius Sulla. Sallust states, by and by Lucius Sulla, having gained control of the state by arms, brought everything to a bad end from a good beginning, all men began to rob and pillage. One coveted a house, another lands the victors showed neither moderation nor restraint, but shamefully and cruelly wronged their fellow citizens.2 Sallust extends these considerations of Lucius through recourse to specific historical events, as he indicates that Lucius permitted the army great liberties. The army, then, contributed to the sordid state of Roman society. This is the presentation of the late Roman republic as falling into sordidness directly through the influence of an individual, Lucius Sulla. Another major area of consideration area issues related to Lucius Catiline. Sallus t establishes a late Roman republic that, partly through the influence of Lucius Sulla, had collectively abandoned its values and given way to avarice. Sallust portrays Catiline as taking advantage of this social squalor. As Catiline emerges in Sallust text, there are irrelevant accounts of his virtue and intentions. At one instant, Sallust portrays him as an opportunist, taking advantage of the youth and ill-social climate to achieve his aims. In another portrayal, Catiline is depicted as rebelling against a corrupt political order in a crystallize of Robin Hood-like way. In Catiline

CRJS472IP3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRJS472IP3 - query Paper ExampleThis implies that the investigating agency must have an original sample from the person to unravel with if they require accurate results. However, samples are also important in unintended recordings. The agency can bond an individual original articulatio recording by securing a court order demanding the suspect to do so (FBI n.d).In high secretive missions, voice recorders are planted in strategic places in order to identify the speakers. For example, natural law may plant recorders in the body of an undercover agent to bugger off the conversation between drug dealers, arms dealers and terrorist. The device captures the voices that can be analyzed and used as evidence before a court of law (Becker 2009). join recognition works effectively when the police or the investigating agency has an authentic voice sample of a suspect. Analysis is then do on the sample with the original sample as a reference. Analysis is done using advanced computer progr ams. The programs identify modification in the voices that are meant to disguise the conversation by use of private voice tracts that cannot be compromised.The most used source of voices is think conversations. This method entails recording and listening to selected telephone conversations. The conversations are passed across a voice recognition system whereby speakers are likely to be identified. In this method, the speakers must speak for some time for analysis and authentication to be complete. The timing is usually pegged at thirty seconds however, it is impossible to control the length of the conversation in cases where the investigator is not part of the conversation.Voice recognition has been used in investigations involving drug dealers in the USA. Drug cartels are highly secretive thus it is very hard to nab them with their cargo. As such, the police and FBI use telephone conversations and undercover agents to obtain voice samples of the criminals. The voices are then an alyzed

What Holes Has The Financial Crisis Revealed In The G8 Will The G20 Essay

What Holes Has The Financial Crisis Revealed In The G8 Will The G20 Fill such Holes - Essay ExampleWorlds wealthiest country America was the major sufferer of this crisis. In circumstance many people believe that America was responsible for stimulating fresh globose recession. The unhealthy add habits of American banks and the crazy life styles of American public have given momentum to the recent monetary crisis. G8 and G20 are two of the major coalitions in the world at present. G20 was proposed by former Canadian uncreated Minister Paul Martin in 1999 to deal with international financial matters. Sustainable development is the major story of G20. It is also interested in solving global energy crisis, economic problems, demographic problems etc. Australia, Canada, Saudi-Arabian Arabia, United States, India, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea and European Union are the members of G20. On the different advance the Group of seven (G-7) comprises Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom and United states. The G7 is often referred to as G8 because Russia fully participated in whole but financial and certain economic discussions of G7 since the 1998 Birmingham summit. Before the formation of G7, G6 was formed in 1974 by worlds major industrialized democracies such as United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, West Germany, Japan and France. In 1975 Canada fall in G6 and it became G7. Russia joined G7 in 1997 to make it G8. Since, its formation G8 contributed heavily to global economy. Fratianni, et al (2005) pointed out that The world without G8 would be more brutish and riskier than it is now (p.4). The recent financial crisis has unveiled many of the loopholes in G8 functioning whereas G20 stood salubrious to the challenges raised by the recession. It should be noned that G8 consists of mainly European and American countries whereas G20 consi sts of countries from Asia also. It is often said that global wealth is currently shifting from America and Europe to Asia at present. This is evident from the accompaniment that more or less of the full-grown Asian countries escaped from recession problems whereas American and European countries are still struggling for survival. In other words, G8 failed miserably in tackling recession problems whereas G20 managed these problems well, mainly because of the contributions of Asian countries. This paper analyses the loopholes in G8 in tackling recession problems and the force of G20 in filling that loopholes. What holes has the financial crisis revealed in the G8? Even though G8 countries are believed to be the wealthiest countries in the world, recent financial crisis has unveiled the loopholes in the governance of these countries. According to Fratianni et al. (2007), Today, the G8 leaders are dealing directly with fundamental question of how to build better global governance in both public and private stadium (p.23). As a result of globalization, privatization is taking place at rapid pace in most of the countries. Moreover, governments in G8 countries are privatizing many of the publicly owned companies to stay away from the responsibilities of servicing the people. It is a fact that private capital is essential for the economic growth of a country. However, uncontrolled private capital in critical sectors may bring more harm than good. India like emerging economies is allowing private participation guardedly even though they are following mixed economic policies. On the other hand, China does not allow private capital in critical sectors even though they are doing everything possible to elevate private capital on all other sectors. G8 countries on the other hand allowing private companies to invest at will in all major industrial

Historiographical Survey of Nazi Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Historiographical Survey of national socialist Germany - Essay ExampleMoreover, the landed estate lead by Hitler was called as Nazi Germany which was one of the just about powerful countries in that era. There ar many aspects of Nazi Germany which can be discussed and there atomic number 18 many factors and uncertaintys which can be embossed in this topic. As the twentieth century is filled with revolutions, the movement of Nazi Germany is in addition considered as or can be perceived as a Revolution and Hitler being the Revolutionist for some good deal because it was the time when Germany was Progressing economically and militarily. Even though Nazi Germany and policies made by Hitler could be perceived as Revolution for some people, however, the movement of Nazi Germany was not a revolution because it was not well back up and appreciated by the people of the country. The debate of Nazi Germany as a Revolution is really most-valuable because it was the Nazi Germany which w as one of the most prominent causes of world war two. Moreover, it was actually lead by an political theory called as Fascism on the basis of which the movement of Nazi Germany got its support from the people. In this way, this debate is also truly important because it involves an ideology which was affecting not only the political but economic aspects of Japan, Italy, Austria and Germany. Furthermore, one of the most important features of Fascism and Fascist Nazi Germany headed by Adolf Hitler is that the economy tends to be independent from other countries and the economic call for of the country must be fulfilled y its own money and resources. In this way, the country also tends to be economically independent for its progress. In this way, the debate over Nazi Germany is very(prenominal) important because it was fascism and fascist Nazi policies due to which the economy of Germany was growing so fast. On the other hand, this debate over Nazi Germany also deals with the matte r of the fact that their ideology known as Fascism was totally opposite to that of communism and, afterwards on, Germany fought with the Soviet Union which was a Communist regime. Besides this, the importance of this debate can also be estimated by the by the fact that it was Nazi Germany which started Second World War in which Nuclear break was used for the first time in the history of human kind in which a cock-a-hoop number of people were killed out of whom 22,565 are still alive. So this was the Germany itself which challenged the world and destroyed itself, and til nowtually going away the rest of the world for the Cold War between Communism and Capitalism. Besides this, the debate over Nazi Germany is also very important because it involves and discusses the brutality over the Jews and, hence, teaches the younger generation about tolerance for the salmagundi of beliefs and equality for the people of all religions. Another important question can also be that even if it was a revolution then whether it was supported by bourgeoisie according to the Marxist view crest (Henry, 185) or it was supported by the common masses of all classes? 1 The debate over the very controversial issue Nazi as a Revolution involves many questions and aspects which can be argued and discussed. For example, an 2important question surrounding this debate is that was Nazi policies and movement supported by the people of Germany? Similarly there are also many other questions surrounding this debate such as the question about the administration and building block of

Technology and the Written Word Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology and the Written Word - Essay pillow slipThese have the advantage of showing moving screens full of color and capabilities that are very advanced. Books no bet how well are printed are sold more in the electronic forms than in the printed forms in resembling a shots technological age (Richards, 2010). The digital reading platform will provide traditional publishers with some new opportunities such as the ability to package reading material (books) in new forms to tear more customers (Roush, 2010). It is envisioned by many that the publishing industry will provide basic text-centric digital content of books so cheap by 2020 that more people will become regular readers like paperback books did in 1940s (Roush, 2010). The publishers can therefore, begin to make up the profits which they have sacrificed by lower prices by increased volumes.E-books are designed in such a way that the readability of it will never degrade over time. The pages will not crumble, binding will never hanging and there will be no variations in the printing ink. The technology in the e-book has broken forfeit of all the limitations of the printed books. E-books can have brought with itself the concept super portability combined with some useful technological features. For example, since e-books are in a digital text file format, any difficult word or articulate can be search instantaneously. The feature of duplication can give the readers the option to trade or share books with friends without actually giving up one of their possessions. But given this gain, a loss is in addition there. Copy right protections raise the question of trading and sharing these books. This is both good and bad for publishers. gemination of e-books by the users can reduce the production costs causing the books prices to decline. But on the downside, the publishers cannot keep a lid on the trade and share of books causing books to be duplicated without copyrights. This raises the question

Market Research on Foreclosure Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

grocery store Research on Foreclosure Markets - Essay ExampleThe compute of annual foreclosure filings rose from 1.3 jillion in 2006 to 2.2 million in 2007, to 3.3 million in 2008, and to almost 4.0 million in 2009 (RealtyTrac).In order to determine whether foreclosure allow continue, it is first necessary to determine the ingests of these higher foreclosure order and then to determine whether those causes atomic number 18 continuing. Foreclosures occur because an several(prenominal) with a mortgage cannot afford the mortgage any longer and because the individual willing not recollect the amount of the mortgage from the sale of the home. So it is necessary to figure out what might cause individuals to constitute difficulty affording a mortgage and for the house values to decline below mortgage values.What might cause a decline in mortgage affordability would be closely related to all macroeconomic measures that act income. So gross domestic product and the unemployment ra te will certainly affect incomes and thus home affordability, since less GDP means less economic activity, which in turn means declining salary and more unemployment. Obviously, lower profits and more unemployment translates into less money for people and thus more people unable to afford their mortgages. In fact there has been an extremely close correlation coefficient between unemployment rate and mortgage delinquency. One compend has found a correlation of 98% between unemployment rate and delinquency rate between 2004 and the inwardness of 2009 (Calculated Risk). This close relationship is a contrast to what has been evidenced in the past, as the correlation between foreclosure rates and unemployment rates were found to be weak before this latest living accommodations boom/bust cycle. In 1998 two economists examined the relationship between unemployment and mortgage foreclosure rates from 1950 to 1998, and concluded that there was very little correlation between unemployment changes and mortgage foreclosures (Elmer and Seelig). Yet because of the changing nature of mortgages beginning in the 1990s, the association between foreclosures and unemployment has make up quite significant. Traditionally 20% downpayments had been the minimum requirement for most borrowers, but this requirement was increasingly shortened over the last 10-15 years (Calculated Risk). Therefore suddenly unemployed or underemployed homeowners who must swap may find themselves with mortgages worth more than the value of the home, due to the lack of equity and the declining home values, and will therefore stool to foreclose.So as long as there is high unemployment and declining home values, more foreclosures are likely to occur. The decline in the house value below the mortgage value would occur if housing prices oblige fallen from the original time the mortgage was issued. plate prices began their decline in the middle of 2006 and have fallen to 2003 levels, and have shown mode st increases since the beginning of 2009 (Case-Shiller). So homes that were bargain ford after 2003 are the most vulnerable to foreclosure. Home purchases before 2003 will be vulnerable to foreclosure if there was refinancing. The closer in time the home purchase or refinance was to the peak of mid-2006, the more vulnerable that loan will be to foreclosure, since those loans will have the highest mortgage/home value ratios. During the 1990s, mortgage loan originations (both purchase and refinance) were around 200 billion per quarter. This number began to rise in the late 1990s, fell back briefly, and started to rise again

Ethical Dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Dilemma - Essay ExampleWhen the managers investigated the issue, they came to know that the package developer was not sufficient to fulfill the requirements of the customer due to which he was delaying the issue. He tried to hide from the managers his poor skills in removing parcel errors. Later on, the confederacy provided the customer with his desired software in just two days exploitation another developer. The good issue in this example was that the developer tried to hide his inability in removing the errors by trying to delay the issue. The issue not only decreased the customers potency in the order but also resulted in putting a spot on the companys image. The developer could have tackled the situation in a much different way. He should have made the company aware of the real situation instead of being afraid of losing his job.I believe that if an employee of a company behaves unethic whollyy, it puts an adverse impact on the overall image of the company. It not only results in the loss of customers confidence in the companys products but also affects the image of the company. Therefore, employees should behave ethically in all situations because ethical behavior is the key to the resolution of complex issues.If I would be in the position of the software developer, I would handle the issue differently. I would not hide my disabilities on the cost of losing the customers confidence. First, I would collect detailed information to resolve the issue properly. I would come to the customer personally to know the concerns of the customer. 2 Next, I would determine the exact issue by analyzing the information obtained from the customer. I would select the nature of my job responsibilities and my obligations to the company while determining the issue and my role in resolving the issue. chocolate-brown (2011) states, Ethical issues that arise in the workplace should be carefully examined, and handled with care, as the determinations of these ethi cal issues can place to the growth or demise of a company. 3 After determining the key ethical issue, I would identify the individuals who would be involved in the issue. In the above-mentioned case, I would carefully analyse the situation to identify the stakeholders and

The impact of the British system of government around the world Essay

The impact of the British remains of government around the world - Essay subjectThis is now renamed as Australia. The British Americans forming part of the long dozen colonies of the United States disliked the British Parliaments attempts to tax American colonists without the colonists consent. In addition, the American war for independence was due to the disagreement over the American colonists guaranteed rights as Englishmen. The American Revolutionary War for independence started 1775. This is the setting for the following paragraphs1.One good impact of the British ashes of government around the world is the colonization of the many parts of the world. The British Empire is the largest Empire. Hong Kong was one of the give way colonies returned by England to China. Portugal had ceded India to Charles II of England in 1661. England had an expansionist war against Spain Portugal. And, England acted as the worlds policeman after the defeat of French leader Napoleon Bonaparte. At the height of Britains glorious empire, it is often stated that the sun never sets on England because Britains political and military power had reached many corners of the world2. The English empire during the period 1815 to 1914 covered an estimated ten jillion square miles of territory and about four hundred people around the globe. During this time, England belligerently exerted its dominating daub in world trade thereby controlling the economies of independent countries like Latin American, China and Siam and Asias India. close to of the current senators United States are descendants of British persons that arrived from Great Britain. Some of the Australian Caucasians today arrived from England because the thirteen colonies in the Americas won their independence under the leadership of George Washington. Clearly, one good impact of the British clay of government around the world is the colonization of the many parts of the world3. Another good impact of the British system o f government around the world is the replacement of the Muslim government over India. The British rule India from 1803 to 1947. The British political system took over the reigns of the Indian government when they defeated the Muslims at the start of the eighteenth century. The Muslims ruled this small Asian country after its invasion of Indian in the 12th century. many another(prenominal) of the Indians reacted religiously. The Hindus tried their best to hold on to their godliness. This was also the reaction of many of the Muslim Indians. This reactionary set up of the people meant that they engendered a strong demand for self government. Evidently, another good impact of the British system of government around the world is the replacement of the Muslim government over India4. Further, this Indian revivalism was also a good impact on the Indian population. This revivalism was characterized by the Indians undying stance to keep their Hindu religion alive. The Muslims were not com pletely successful in trying to eradicate the Indian native religion Hinduism. The Muslims forcefully installed the Muslim faith on India. The Muslim faith expects each Muslim convert to obey every law mentioned in their bible named Koran. The Muslim government is based on the teachings of their prophet Muhammad written complicate in their bible. The failure of the Muslims to install their Islamic form of

The impact of non-production departments on effective logistics and Essay

The impact of non-production de business officements on effective logistics and operations mathematical operation - testify ExampleThe non-production departments would be identified and their impact on effective logistics would be discussed that would assist in not only identifying the problem, but also finding a solution for it. The process by which acquisition movements and separate functions such as storage of parts, materials, and finished inventory are strategically managed through the utilization of comely marketing channel, which is the future objective of generating revenue and profit, is called effective logistics (Blecken 134-137). It also includes the objective of effectively fulfilling the orders by minimizing the cost. In case of effective logistics, the focus is on efficient system and attention is paid towards movement, which is the backbone of the system. kind of of distribution, finance, production, and purchase, logistics deals with a f natural depression of in formation and materials. According to the concept of logistics, every segment in an organization should proceeding together, and the marketing manager should be prepared to consider lower performance or lower take of service while preparing activity framework, so that the lag times are also considered. This would give the tramp manager a proper estimate of time, which is most important in logistics (Burg 5 Logistics and Shipping Mistakes infinitesimal Businesses Make). Operations Management Performance and Effective Logistics Effective logistics is a part of operations anxiety and the performance of the enterprise depends on logistics and other aspects of operations anxiety. Operations management involves management of design and prolific systems, along with control, and planning of daily operations within the transcorporate networks and comp each. Supply chain network is an integral part of operations management. In small enterprises, the operational management, such as dail y productions, etc is usually handled by the homosexual beings. Operations management and logistics are considered an area of concern by the stakeholders of the company. In order to measure the performance of operational management process and logistics system, appropriate performance indicators should be selected in such a course that it stands in line with the objectives of the business. The performance measures would assist in evaluating the objectives and degree to which those are attained (Charantimath 440-443). The operational management performance of the company can be accessed by examining certain areas such as cost, flexibleness of process, delivery, and tincture of products. Logistics system of any organization influences the objectives of the company through the above mentioned areas. This also indicates that logistics affect the performance of any organization significantly. Considering the four areas of logistics which are considered in operations management, the qu ality of process, and product should meet the high subscribe to standards. The cost of the inventory and the work process should be lower. The objective would be to claim high capacity, and low cost of administration. Delivery rate should be high and accurate, and lead time has to be short. Finally flexibility in terms of achievement of customer benefit, maintenance of relationship with partners should be of high degree (Deepen 14-16). Non-Production Departments In order to identify the impact of non-production department on logistics and operations management performance of organizations, first the non-production overheads have to be identified, and discussed why they are considered such. The non-production

David Suzuki Food Connection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

David Suzuki Food Connection - Essay ExampleHere, Suzuki makes a contrast betwixt cleanliness and dirt, and between the representliness of the rural market of naturally grown nutrient and the coldness of the experience of supermarket intellectual nourishment items. The writer has given many examples to prove his point. First, he leads the reader to a market in a third world country which he calls a collage of sounds and where we see Vendors hawking their products (and some of the live produce adding their own squawks) buyers haggling over price and old friends greeting and exchanging gossip smells that range from the odourise of flowers and spices to non-refrigated meat and fish and splashes of colours in clothing, fruits and flowers (Suzuki, 539). After describing this vivid scene, Suzuki has explained the cultural as well as health-wise importance of this scene (539). He has said, Markets give us a sense of the people. ... He has also observed that, in poor countries, the ma rket products are invariably indigenous and grown locally (Suzuki, 539). He has here, drawn heed to the fact that such produces give us an idea of the course of agriculture practiced in a locale and the variety of products grown or collected in the area (Suzuki, 539). In this essay, one evoke fact has been that the author has sole(prenominal) indirectly and subtly suggested the health benefits of eating naturally grown food. It is only when the chemicals used for agriculture are mentioned that a more direct connection with human health is made. rather the focal point of this essay has been a more philosophical question regarding the danger of severing ones ties with nature. This becomes unembellished when we explore the number of instances when an abstract statement is made by the author pointing to th severing of ties with stimulate nature brought slightly by the new system of artificial cultivation and keeping of food. For example, Suzuki has discussed organic food not becau se he wanted to stress upon its health value but because he felt that by labelling some thing as organic, we are imparting a special value to something which is actually the sure normal thing (540). Then he has moved on to show the contradiction in our notions about normalcy. He has revealed that the, food that has been treated with pesticides, herbicides, hormones, preservatives and antibiotics requires no special label which surprises him (Suzuki, 540). Here, the question raised is whether is it not this kind of food that needs to be labelled as different from normal food. In the same vein, Suzuki has added, our preponderant concern has been with the appearance, the looks, of the food product (540). To prove

Petroleum water injection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Petroleum weewee injection - Essay ExampleFor the formation of this crude rootage worth producing various geological elements be required. These elements include porous reservoir rock which stores the petroleum, organic rocks which atomic number 18 the source of generating the particle accelerator or cover and lastly roughly kind of traps to prevent leaking away of the cover and gas (Souza at el). Usually these traps are found in predictable areas like next to faults, top of anticlines and under keystonestone beds. The traps are of three types structural, hydrodynamic and stratigraphic traps. Hydrodynamic traps are not common types of trap. They usually caused by water pressure differences that are as a result of water flow which creates a tilt of hydrocarbon water contact. Structural traps are bents and alter areas beneath the surface that hold oil and gas. Mostly the traps are simple domes or more change faults. A fluid, which is water, oil or gas, fills the pores. Gas move to the top as it is the lightest, followed by oil whence water stays down. Stratigraphic traps are depositional in nature as they are formed frequently by porous sandstone body or limestone getting enclosed in shale. The oil and gas are unplowed from getting away by the shale. Petroleum reservoirs are generally located beneath the surface at 1000 to 30000 feet. They vary in size, type and age. They a great deal extend over hundreds of kilometers, plus include a number of oil come ups spread out across a big area. Petroleum reservoir formation can be divided into planktons, algae and protein rich life buried beneath sand layers and mud at source rock this involves sand accumulation, lastly buried reside transfer into watery hydrocarbons. Topographical characteristics play an important role in the petroleum reservoirs formation. Petroleum reservoirs were discovered in the nineteenth century when Edwin Laurentine discovered that rock oil produces a distilled product for lanter ns he then did the first well drill in 1859.The success of this drill which was close to an oil seep motivated further bore in the same area, which soon led to same explorations in other places. The growing need for petroleum products led to petroleum reservoirs drilling in several states and countries. Petroleum reservoirs can be accidentally discovered, this for the most part happens when oil seeps to the surface or it seeps into water supply thereby exposing its presence in that area. In some instances, it is necessary to deliberately explore different regions by the application f geographical and scientific acquaintance with the intention of discovering locations A petroleum reservoir may be discovered by accident, as has happened when the oil seeps to the surface or when the oil seeps into water supply, consequently revealing its presence in that location. Other times, it is often necessary to intentionally explore different regions through the application of scientific and geographic knowledge with the judgment of discovering other places that may contain petroleum reservoir. Petroleum exploration and production which is the way to get gas and oil is performed by geologists, engineers and geophysicists. Geologists examine areas of the earth where sediments gather together. They then analyze the areas of interest closely to kick downstairs out whether or not reservoir rocks and source rocks are present in the area. Examination of the rocks is through at the earth surface and drilled wells in the area. Geologists also use satellite images

Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Crime - Essay Exampless the itinerary when the trading note is Red, I would immediately be followed by a avocation police element and it would not be long before I would be fined. I clear observed this hap with other people, and this has induced a consciousness in me to try to avoid this mistake always in my conscious mind.Once, I was in India on a holiday. There I observed that while dealing rules were the same as they were in my homeland, yet people were not very serious in stay on by the rules. I often saw people crossing the interchange while the dealing signal was still Red. This behavior was particularly executed by the motorcyclists in India. Occasionally, I would see a traffic police officer taking a car to a side and investigating why the device driver broke the rule, but the number of offenders in my observation far outweighed the number of traffic police encounters.Having observed this trend, I also crossed a traffic signal at the Red light at a time in India. While at that time, it felt like an adventure having dodged the traffic police, yet now when I reflect at that experience, it does not leave me with a good happening in my heart. I feel that although I was not traced by any traffic police, yet it was very irresponsible and careless of me to select broken that traffic rule despite knowing it. Although that did save me few minutes that I would have otherwise wasted waiting for the signal to turn Green at the interchange, yet by respite that rule, I did a dishonesty to the democracy and the state. In addition, I could have been caught had a policeman chased me and I could have been fined in addition to facing the embarrassment.The extent to which people of a certain nation observe and respect traffic laws reflects the tendency of the whole nation to respect the laws and avoid crimes. This is so because traffic is essentially made up of people belonging to a certain society. My observation of the behavior of the traffic of India and my homeland has led me to the conclusion that people

Please write a thoughtful response to one or more of the readings Essay

Please write a thoughtful response to one or much of the readings - Essay ExampleWhen the swordfish started assail and killing the people of Singapore, Sultan Padouka Sri Maharadja became utterly devastated and hopeless. He did not know how to stop the mysterious swordfish attack. His first response was to use his soldiers as barricades against the attacking swordfishes. But this strategy seems so inhumane. So a young boy suggested using banana trees as barricades. The sultan accepted the suggestion and it proved to be a wise decision. The swordfishes attacked the banana trunks, and because these trunks were straight the people were eventually protected from the swordfishes deadly attacks. Fortunately, the swordfishes were not merely stopped, but their long snouts were also stuck in the banana trunks. The numerous swordfishes that were caught provided food for the people.On the surface, the story seems to promote wisdom and cooperation. The swordfish attack was successfully halted due to a young boys wisdom and the peoples cooperation. However, the story has an underlying moral message valuing nature and other creatures of the earth. Asians, especially ethnic groups, are environmentalists by heart. The story expresses exemption to irresponsible fishing. The angry swordfishes symbolize how nature would take revenge if people do not veer their attitude toward other creatures of the planet. It shows that the damages we do to the environment will return to us tenfold it could be even lethal. The young boys suggestion, on the other hand, symbolizes effective ways of taking fretfulness of the environment. Our concern for the environment will definitely pay off in the end, just like how the swordfishes became a constant food supply for the people of Singapore.The second story, Kancil and Sang Buwaya, is a fable about wisdom, or, more specifically, shrewdness. Kancil, a mouse cervid, usually goes to the river to drink. However, Sang Buwaya, a crocodile, wants to eat Kancil. And so the poor mouse deer has to

How the East Has Created Opportunity In Adversity for Uniting And Research Paper

How the East Has Created hazard In Adversity for Uniting And Reinforcing Its Community - Research Paper Examplemore, reports have been made of the marrow abandoning of the indigenous Chinese music, which was otherwise expected to serve as the dynamic community identity of the community of China (Nicholls, 2013). In other countries of the East, there are prevailing influences of foreifn language in the core educational curriculum of their schools where native languages that used to be the lingua franca and medium of instruction no longer outcome (Hyer, 43). There is also a prevailing situation characterized by total neglect for the core eastern culture of manners and courtesy that was grow in the type of family system that was practiced before (Zhang, 2013). In such countries, the nuclear family system has taken the place of extended family system and thus led to an single society being created. Effect of occidental influence on the East With multiple cases and instances of t he overflow of Western culture in the East, particularly in areas of music studies in schools, debate has gone on as to what the possible effects and repercussions of the phenomenon could be for the East. In the opinion of some commentators, the effect has actually started already and is ban effects. Leffer (98) has for example stated that the East has currently lost its cultural identity, which could be nurtured into a very important economic competitive advantage for the region (Prakash 35). Indeed, there is sufficient evidence to back this claim, even though counter arguments exists. A typical evidence of this is the fact that when the East is able to consolidate its community done the preservation of its cultural entities, it would be in a position to brand most of its products and services as peculiar brands, that would have had trade patronage for the fact that it was unique to the East. A... This article stresses that there has been other formula of opportunities that the East has created in adversity for uniting and reinforcing its community. One of these is by coming out with a make out of groups, organizations and agencies that gather the collective community identities of the larger East into a common forum or platform, where there can be a larger representation of the ideas and ideals of the East. This paper has been a very useful academician exercise in identifying the state of the East in terms of the preservation of the values of its community, as rooted in the exhibition of Eastern culture. Generally, it has been realized that globalization has taken a very bad spatial relation of the East, whereby it has brought about a penetrated urge for cultures of non-Eastern origins to take dominion of the Eastern community. It can be concluded that as much as globalization and trans-cultural existence may have its own advantages and merits, these advantages can never be compared to the benefits that the East derives by holding on to its own cultur al heritage, values and principles. The benefits are actually estimated to be diverse and take all forms of Eastern civilization including political importance, economic importance, social importance and environmental importance. It is not surprising therefore that various advocacy groups have showed up in a frolic to help in the promotion and reinforcement of the East as a community.

Essays of Pochury Festival Essay Example for Free

Essays of Pochury Festival EssayThe attack was undertaken by the Eastern Commands 1st Brigade under the command of Major General Zuheto, along with the then 4th battalion of Pochury Region under the command of Lt. Colonel Thorpa. The monsoon was at its height during the time and totally major rivers like Tizu, Lanye and Thethsii were in full spate. The attack was launched after destroying all the six bridges on all the rivers. This was done to stop reinforce manpowert from reaching the besieged soldiery post. As the attack proceed into the thirteenth day, ammunitions on both sides were running short and on several occasions the Indian communicate Force planing machine tried to drop relief material and ammunitions further were prevented by the Naga forces. At the alike time the Indian Air Force jet fighters strafed the attackers positions. An Indian transport plane (Dakota) trying to drop relief materials and ammunitions to the besieged post was shot deal by the Naga pha lanx on the 14th day of the siege and crash landed at Zathsii, a paddy field of Meluri closure. The Naga Army captured all the 9 (nine) airmen including Flt.Lt. A. S. Singh. This led to a heavy army operation in Pochury area by the Indian Army, who was on a mission to search and carry through the captured airmen, none of whom were ever tortured but were later set free through the Red Cross. In the process of the army operations to rescue the airmen many villages were burned-over down and untold atrocities and tortures were inflicted upon the villagers. On September 1, 1960, 6 (six) villagers from Phor village were tortured to finale. Their name are Lt. Turachu, Village Chief, Lt. Yutsuchu, Pastor, Lt. Chupuchu DB, Lt. Yituchu GB, Lt. Turuchu GB, Lt. Mughazu GB.Again on September 3, 1960 another 3 (three) villagers from Yisi village were beaten to death namely Lt. Mazu GB, Lt. Throchu, Lt. Mazu RP. Two villagers Lt. Yichuhu and Lt. Nyupuchu. from Mokie village were also beaten t o death. In Laruri village, Lt. Lingsang was buried alive after dread(a) beating. Lt. Nyukhrusuh and Lt. Rhorupa of Meluri village were beaten severely and after which, their tips were chopped-off. Two villages, namely Tsikuzo and Kuluopfu, were abandoned due to tortures and humiliations meted out by the Indian army. On 6th September 1960, the Punjab Regiment posted at Kangjang village reached Matikhrii village most 10 am.The entire village was encircled in three rings and all the villagers were ordered to pucker in one place. Men folk were separated from women and children. All the men were made to keep leap and do sit-ups, for more than 5 hours in the scorching sun, naked. Any signs of tiredness were met with kicks and hits with rifle butts. Then expert before sunset, Indian army not satisfied with the punishment meted out to the villagers, rounded them up privileged the Village chiefs house and were forced to sit heads down like a birth being lead to its slaughter. Lt.Tha h, the then Village chief, knowing what was in store for them courageously volunteered to sacrifice. He stood bravely for the Naga cause even to his last breath and said Its a mans pride. No surrender, no compromise for our birth right. This sacrifice is to protect our freedom. I shall gladly lay down my sustenance for the Naga future generation. Then an Indian army jawan, holding a blunt dao(hatchet) chopped off the head of Lt. Pogholo who was first in the line. Witnessing the brutality and disgust in front of their eyes and knowing that all of them were passing play to be killed, one of the villagers managed to escape the execution forcefully.Then one after another heads rolled down separated from the bodies, and in the event a total of nine lives were lost. Their names are Lt. Thah, Lt. Pogholo, Lt. Mezitso, Lt. Pongoi, Lt. Eyetshu, Lt. Zasituo, Lt. Thitu, Lt. Kekhwezu, Lt. Kezukhwelo. The Indian army did not even allow the loved ones to perform last rites and rituals for the dead(a). All the dead bodies were dumped inside the village chiefs house and were burnt down to ashes along with the other houses and granaries.The women and children who had fled to the jungle to evade the horror and torture of Indian Army came back the next morning to find the whole village burnt down to ashes. Lt. Thitu who narrowly escaped from the execution was found by his wife Mrs. Rhiitariih with three cuts on the neck, brook slashed and intestines thrown out. He quoted Love, tell my beloved children the sacrifice I have borne for them and I am waiting to die in your lap with a cup of water and after drinking, he surd his last. Another victim Lt. Zasituo, traveling Pastor, was also found almost dead with multiple injuries on his vanity and neck.Not long after, he died. Then the horrified women and children with no means simply covered the dead bodies with mud and left for the jungles fearing the Indian army might turn up any time. For days together, the survivors wander ed in the deep jungle without proper food and shelter. The wild berries and fruits of the jungle were their only food and means of survival. The only comfort and encouragement they could give to each other was the knowledge of glorious sacrifices made by their men folk. The wild animals and birds of the jungle were their only companions, besides themselves.In extreme conditions of hardships and difficulty, many more precious lives were lost. The Naga Army then came to their rescue. They were given food, shelter and protection. Even today, the nightmares and tragedy of the incident still remain fresh in the mind of the survivors. In this long dispersion and exodus, the survivors entered Burma and stayed with the Naga Army in their camp at Sathi where Gavin Young of capital of the United Kingdom Observer met them in the later part of 1961. In his book Indo-Naga War, page 29-30, he wrote that when he met the survivors, there were only a pathetic thirty people.

The media play in encouraging Essay Example for Free

The media play in encouraging EssayWhat role does the media play in encouraging or discouraging tourism to finical destinations? Popular mediums of media including convey, television, internet and print media bath deviate the appeal of original go bad destinations and activities. It tramp urge on a desire or avert tourism destinations as suggested by MacCannell (1976) these media forms smoke mettlesomely take a shit or highlight particular images of destinations to act as a marker. Prospective holidaymakers base their knowledge on such information provided whether to hold bring out or not to particular destinations. Film induced tourism can in like manner bring about an increase in the cultural value of the take away stead macrocosm heritage offices. Firstly, in the case of New Zealands Maori culture has soak uped recognisable status through media exposure. The film Whale Rider (2002) for instance thoroughly demonstrates the Maori culture. In customary Maori culture the beliefs, clothing, animals, plants and certain landforms ar spiritually linked with particular groups of individuals. The film represents this through the whales being the ancient symbol for the Ngati Konohi community.Thus, by maintaining a finger of identity it offers an opportunity for individuals to reflect and provide expressions of self. Additionally, this film can attract individuals strongly interested in culture especially of New Zealands Maori culture. As strong as this heritage sites which have been fructify as film locations gain fame and recognition by its auditory modality after the release of the film. These locations often gain meaning through film narration. For illustration Mission Impossible 2 (2000) was filmed at the Sydney august National Park. Due to the popularity of the film series an increase of visits to the park occurred during 2000 the year the film was released. Hence, can be straightforwardly seen media plays a major role in encouragi ng tourism to certain destinations. However, with the expansion of polar types of visitors to a destination it could also provoke an adjusted behaviour in phaetons (Smith et al, 2010). The world heritage site in Angkor, Cambodia had been utilised and set up as a location for the adventure film grave accent Raider. Tourists who had viewed and felt a sense of yearning to visit the location of the film were discovered climbing on the ancient sanctuary temple walls in order to attempt and imitate the protagonist.This kind of media coverage creates a negative impact on the site as tourists are not respecting or obliging to preservation plans setout for the site. The inappropriate manner can additionally provoke iconic pieces or souvenirs to be removed from the film induced tourism locations so as to be able to efficiently take for with conservation plans. Media based tourism can bring additional income and jobs to an area and in particular can provide opportunities for selling souven irs/merchandising and spin-off services such as themed tours and services (Smith et al, 2010 p.73). This is evident in some tourist destinations including Thailand and the film The Beach. It has created a strong stimulation of desires for people to visit the film location in addition to the surrounding areas of Thailand. Due to the large tourism activity, tour companies have taken advantaged and announce various tours which circuits various film based locations and entitled them The Beach Tours (Law et al 2007). Extraordinariness can also be added to entice go badlers such as recounting stories and gossip within the tours about the action of The Beach.Also the Footsteps on the Beach website was created which sells Thailand to a more smoke audience as well as reach potential difference tourists to visit Thailand through images and meaning. Desires can also be a reason why individuals choose to travel in the first place. in that respectfore, by creating strong desires and addin g extraordinariness through media exposure it further boosts individuals to travel. The idea of a trip with fun filled experience can also prompt an encouragement to travel and explore destinations. There are numerous journey narratives exposed starting from early childhood years. Journey narratives are stories which are structured around a physical journey. Along the way individuals reflect and grow to develop a stronger understanding of self. For instance contemporary narratives of Eat Pray Love or Lord of the Rings. Characters undertake a journey in order to discover a purpose through the meaningful experiences occurred on the way. These encourage a desire for otherness and difference attracting the explorer and drifter tourists.This is due to the fact such tourists do not mind getting off the beaten tracks, leaving the environmental bubble voluntarily and preferring a novelty experience (Cohen 2004). Many of these media have influenced young individuals to travel as they have gotten older. Thus childrens stories are a major motivator for individuals to travel as its the first contact many individuals have in terms of media and tourism. Additionally, journey narratives are powerful motivators as individuals seek out tourism destinations. Riley et al (1992)have distinguished the downsides of main concern as the exploitation of locals and visitors, expanding costs, absence of readiness of locals when managing with the high tourist influx, the way the location differs from the way it is portrayed in the forms of media bringing about a hurt of tourist fulfilment and satisfaction and the various effects of souvenir hunters particularly those who consume signs and markers. These components relate to the film induced tourism audience and ever expanding tourist visitations to such locations. An important and ambiguous issue to be considered when arguing views of film induced tourism is that of the actual versus the envisioned images as created by the media.Butle r (1990) indicates that in a number of times films are not shot at the locations they imply to be. For instance the Philippines was adopt to portray Vietnam in the 1986 Vietnam War film Platoon. This then creates a condition where the general audience are constructing their knowledge on false information and developing false expectations and desires of destinations they decide to visit. It can be argued that a lot of the expectations in tourism is created with what is presented and viewed in the media. These expectations are developed overtime due to the mass promotions, guidebooks and stories of tourism travel from documentaries and films. The information provided is usually of implied promises. Boorstin (1972) suggests these pseudo-events are responsible for the inauthenticity of the tourism industry.Commentators suggest that media tourism is a clear example of post-tourism (Smith et al, 2010 p.74) and the visitor perspectives of locations are somewhat of a giant cinema screen s uggesting the inauthenticity of a place. Consequently, resulting in tourists dissatisfaction with their travel experiences. As an outcome tension is created and discourages tourists from visiting certain destinations. A further case of the immediate complications that media production can bring can be evident in Thailand. Here 20th century bedevil filmed The Beach. In order to prepare the site for production and to begin filming the beach was destroy and widened with much of the native vegetation and a mass amount of rubbish from the isolated beach also being removed. The destruction of the natural environment became a major concern. The landscape was modified so the world-wide cinematic audience is offered an idealised journey in a fantasy space, one based on a dream of the tropics (Law et al 2007). In doing so Higgins-Desbiolles (2001) claims it tarnishedthe Thai Government, damaged the reputation of twentieth Century Fox, sparked a desire for travel within the young fan base a nd opened up the opportunities for companies to promote themselves.However, the major benefit that came out of this production was that it boosted the Thailand economy by an estimated US$150000. Clearly the media plays a role in both encouraging and discouraging tourists to visit certain destinations based on their tourist gazes. The tourist gaze was founded by Urry who outlines is a visual nature of tourism. It refers to the way in which tourists seek out and consume visual images and the means by which the tourism industry organises and directs this consumption (Smith 2010 p.174). The gaze can be seen as having a positive outcome on tourism destinations. Bruno (1997) explains that viewers of media are in a way acting like tourists. Having viewed certain television shows such as The Amazing Race the audience feel a compelling motivation to go and travel as well due to the represent images in the show. However, it can also demotivate in terms of negative publicity placed on certain locations. For instance many individuals avoid the Middle East regions due to sudden eruptions of conflict such as war and terrorist attacks.Many news reports have displayed images of such risks. This information is then publicly revealed to a mass audience including potential tourists. Resulting in tourists rethinking about their destination choices and seeking other locations instead. tourism is a come upon component of popular culture and is fed and feeds from the media which both circulates and produces culture. The power of media especially film and television can motivate travellers, create new images, alter negative images and create and placing icons on maps is recognised as a major factor in promoting tourism travel. Through the analysis of the film The Beach as well as various researchers including Law, Smith and Urry a further understanding is established in terms of media and the influence it can have on tourism whether in positive or negative conducts. As evident medi a does play a major role in deciding tourist destinations.Reference ListBoorstin, D.J 1972, The pick up A Guide to Pseudi Events in America, Atheneum, New York. Butler, R.W 1990, The influence of the media in shaping international tourist patterns, Tourism Recreation Research, vol. 15, no. 2, pp.4653. Cohen, E 2004, Toward a sociology of international tourism,in Contemporary tourism diversity and change, Elsevier, Boston, MA, pp. 37-47. Higgins-Desbiolles, F 2001, Battlelines on The Beach Tourism and globalisation. Policy, Organisation and Society Special Edition Different Globalisations, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 116138. Law, L., Bunnell, T. and Ong, C 2007, The Beach, the gaze and film tourism, Tourist Studies, vol 7, no. 2, pp. 141-164. MacCannell, D 1976, A semiotic of attraction, in The tourist a new theory of the leisure class, Schocken Books, New York, pp. 109-33. Riley, R. VanDoren, C.S 1992, Movies as tourism promotion A leave factor in a push location. Tourism Management, Sep tember, pp. 267274. Film TV Tourism in Smith, M., MacLeod, N. and stag Robertson, M 2010, Key Concepts in Tourist Studies. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi Singapore, SAGE, pp. 71-75.

Leadership - Does Gender Matter Essay Example for Free

Leadership Does Gender Matter EssayDoes sexuality consider the ability of an individual to become an effective leader? Some researchers reckon that effective leaders be just born while others believe that effective lead can be learned. But few of these researchers discuss the difference that gender may project in becoming good leaders. When we take a look back through history, we can see that the evaluation of women leaders was slow. Today, only 2. 4 shargon (Gettings, Johnson, Brunner, Frantz, 2009) of the wad d Companys atomic number 18 lead by women which is an increase from the 1. percent (www. m whizzy. cnn. com) of female Chief executive Officers in 2002.The gender differences in the corporate world posses several issues for the Human election Managers much(prenominal) as forethought style differences, pay equity, promotion fairness, and work-life balance. Women began entering the workforce in the late 1800s. During that time, women were employed in what s ociety considered female specific careers such as teachers, nurses, and seamstresses and women made up a very small- outdo portion of the workforce.This all changed with the on-set of creation War II. While the men left to ful scarf out their military obligations, women stepped up to the plate and fil direct countersinks in industrial factories across the nation doing jobs typically performed by men. Following World War II, many females continued to work and over the decades take up set career aspirations which have led them to the back. As time went on, it became obvious that the gender differences in the work place required Human Resource Management intervention.Historically, the workplace was predominantly masculine when it came to organizational theory. Organizations were structured on centralized authority, specialization and expertise, and variant of labor. Aggressive and dominating leadership styles became less popular among organizations. The era of masculine leadershi p styles then gave steering to the newly desired feminine way (Lowen, 2007) of leading. In the late 1900s, organizations became more feminine in reputation utilizing concepts such as delegation of authority, collaboration, and empowerment.In addition, interpersonal relations became a focus for organizations and such things as trust, openness and concern for the whole person kicked off the feminization of leadership (Frankel, 2007) and in 1963 the Equal compensation Act was created which mandated equal pay, regardless of gender, for workers performing the same job. This became extremely important as women began to hold solve level positions within organizations. Women possess many gender specific qualities and characteristics which enhance their leader effectiveness in todays feminized leadership. According to a study conducted by Caliper, a Princeton based management consulting group, women leaders are more empathic, flexible and possess stronger interpersonal skills. The stron g interpersonal skills of women enable them to be objective in taking in information from all sides and then take this information and weighing the concerns and objectives of their people. Empathy and genuine concern make subordinates feel valued, supported, and understood.In addition, this same study noted that women were able to be more persuasive and self-assertive in taking risks as compared to their male counter parts. This often leads to women coming up with more advanced solutions to problems, and ultimately, getting things accomplished. Many studies conducted across the country within various businesses have concluded that women executives are rated higher(prenominal) than men in the areas of producing high quality work, setting and achieving goals, and mentoring subordinates (Sharpe, 2000).These studies also found that women were not as implicated with self-interest as men and did not accomplish tasks or achieve goals based on what was in it for them, barely instead for the mere enjoyment of their success. It is this type of attitude which inspires companies to employee women in their executive positions. In addition, genius of the areas in these studies showed that women excelled at teamwork and motivating teams in getting results. But these studies also included areas where men were stronger such as strategic and technical ability.Men also seemed to be better at giving punishment and were found to issue double the amount of punishments as compared to women. With so many differences in management styles in the midst of men and women, it was necessary for Human Resource Managers to design diversity programs which included education on gender differences, as well as, racism, discrimination, etc. Women are slowly making their way into the corporate ranks of Fortune 500 Companies. According to CNN M singley, there are currently 13 female Chief Executive Officers in the Fortune 500 and 26 female Chief Executive Officers in the Fortune 1,000.Believe it or not, the amount of female Chief Executive Officers has doubled compared to 5 years ago when there were only 6 female Chief Executive Officers in the Fortune 500. But, if women make equally effective leaders as compared to men, then why are there so few employed in top management positions? In Tischlers article Where are the Women? , she talks about how women scale back their work in exchange for a balanced personal life (Tischler, 2007). She also discusses the competiveness of men compared to women and how that might contribute to the giganticr number of men holding top executive level positions.Most often, women simply dont want to underwrite with the work-life balance. Top executives put in grueling long days and their lives are controlled by the companys success or failure. Women have a natural instinct to nurture and often put their family life before their career. When I read Morris article, Trophy Husbands, it made me stop and think how husbands could assist in helpi ng their spouse to balance the work-life balance. In Morris article, she discusses how husbands have given up their careers to assist their female spouses in reaching the top (Morris, 2002).I think that this is a huge step in elevating women to the top ranks of the corporate world. These husbands stepped down for many reasons, but some stepped down because they knew their wives had the potential and determination to fill these top positions. They were supportive and wanted to assist by elevating any family related stress by ensuring that things on the home front were taken care of. In fact, although the number of female Chief Executive Officers appears to be low, the truth is women are successful leaders.There are over 9 million women-owned businesses in the United States and women hold over 45 percent of the managerial positions within large corporations. Indeed, women can and are successful at leading. Yet there is still a large difference in the pay scale of female and male execu tives. Is it simply a insistent decisions that these companies make, or is it a simply mistake because these organizations do not have an established pay scale system? Human Resource Managers need to be cognizant of pay differences and promotion bias.According to Stites article, one way to avoid this dilemma is to establish systematic pay systems, ensure equal access to promotions, and chronicle discrepancies with legitimate business reasons (Stites, May 2005). So, does gender matter when considering leadership effectiveness? According to the text, men and women are equally effective at leading, but each gender utilizes different styles in their leadership abilities (Northouse, 2007). It is my position that gender is neutral. Males and females can both possess the skills necessary to be effective leaders and I believe that women can lead companies to success just as well as men.To be an effective leader, one must know how and when to apply the many different styles and characteris tics to each unique situation. Both men and women have unique qualities about them, but the ability to learn from the opposite gender will enhance ones leadership abilities. I believe that men and women can combine and adapt their unique styles of leadership to maximize their strengths and pick at their weaknesses within the workplace. Regardless of gender, developing a leadership style is a difficult and challenging feat for all managers.In researching the many definitions of leadership, I have determined that leaders are defined as those who inspire workers and develop their skills and creativity to achieve goals. Of the many definitions I read, not one referred to male or female gender when defining a leader. Male or female gender shouldnt matter when it comes to ascertain an individuals ability to lead. The Human Resource Manager must ensure that they are concerned and awake of the gender differences and difficulties which must be dealt with in the business world.Indeed, gen der does matter, especially since women have become a large percentage of the work force and are now moving up the corporate ladder into top level positions. Gender differences create many issues that Human Resource Managers must be able to prevent, mitigate, and/or resolve. Todays Human Resource Management education programs have increased the ability of individuals to fill these vital management positions. In order for Human Resource Managers to accomplish this task, they must be aware of gender specific management styles, pay equity, promotion fairness, and work-life balance.

Internet Activities 9.1 and 10.2 Essay Example for Free

Internet Activities 9.1 and 10.2 Essay1. What argon the mainstay benefits of implementing a supply compass issue such as SAP? The key benefits that any social club would achieve from using systems typically like the SAP supply chain solutions include the following A quicker response for changes occurring in the market Having higher margins than the competitors by saving on operational cost Transparency of information in the business which would lead to a smaller cash recover roulette wheel Increased synchronization in the business and its operation. The business will be able to set it priorities in an organized fashion The ultimate result of using such systems would be an increase in the rejoicing of the customers as the system can provide for customization. The caller-out will excessively be able to gash and monitor the compliance of the company with the regulations in the markets it is operating in. In short the business is able to contemporise the supply of the company with the demand in the market, be more responsive to the changes in the market pertaining to cost and supply/ demand fluctuations as well as have a reliable and efficient net profit which can monitor the supply chain2. What are the likely challenges in implementing a supply chain solution? The biggest challenge faced by the company in implementing a supply chain solution is to integrate it with the existing business processes at the company. All business tend to be somewhat opposite in their operation and the business language, but when using a software solution for the supply chain, therefore the business processes relating to the supply chain activities have to be exactly the same as required by the software.Otherwise the business would have discrepancies existing between the supply chain activities and the supply chain reporting and records stored by the software. In this case the efficiency of the system and the process is sacrificed. Exercise 10. 2 1. In what shi pway does Volkswagens website illustrate the characteristics of integrated marketing communications? The characteristics of an integrated marketing communication are that it is coherent, consistent, has perseveration and is complementary.The website for Volkswagen channelises that the different methods of communication like, getting a quote online, emailing the company, registering for a certified car, finding the nearest show room etc, all is integrated on the website and communicated to the customer. Similarly all the messages on the website about the uniqueness of the cars are not contradictory and therefore supporting consistency in communications. The WebPages are continues in their format and cheer on the same message again and again which is when you are in a Volkswagen, it is in you.The assumption scheming, the format of the WebPages and the messages and content displayed on the site supports each other and is complementary in nature 2. How does Volkswagen go beyond its own communications to create its unique identity? Volkswagen has been able to differentiate itself from its competitors by handing the forge board over to the customer. Using the website the customers can design their own personalized VW and Beetle cars. This provides for extensive customization to the products.The company also invested in a transparent manufacturing plant in Dresden to show the customers how their automobiles are made. The company has also advanced in the RD function by inviting customers to come to the factory and design the car they want. This interactive and two way communication through the website as well as on location has enabled the country to free-base its unique spirit while going beyond the scopes of an automobile manufacturer.References1. SAP Supply Chain Benefits, getable at http//www.marketing-online.co.uk/ch8.pdf

Narrative Essay Example Essay Example for Free

Narrative probe Example EssayHave you ever been in one(a) of those never ending conversations? The ones where the speaker goes on and on for ages about a topic that you do non understand and could cargon even less(prenominal) about? Have you ever felt like a joke went straight over your cope or that you were missing something as you struggled to find the context in a conversation? That is an e reallyday item for pot like me, affectionately called Aspies people who contract what is known as Aspergers Syndrome. Since universe diagnosed with this, everyone who has been cognizant of it has felt the need to make some sort of accommodation for my disability. A diagnosis that conjunction feels I need because I think variously than the rest. How does society define you? I involve spent my full life trying to prove that our labels do not matter in comparison to our contri exceptions to society. Aspies are very socially awkward. We cannot get a line non-verbal cues, societal niceties are often thought strange and hard to grasp, and we tend to be more than a little introverted. I sacrifice a very mild case. No, I cannot read social cues. Yes, societys unwritten rules drive me crazy.Absolutely, I would prefer to be alone or with a small select group of people. However, none of these characteristics define me. One characteristic of Aspies is that we often yield a exceptionalized and intense interest in something. My obsession is wizardry Trek, particularly the alternate existence movie series starring Chris Pine, Zachary Quinto, Zoe Saldana, Simon Pegg, and Karl Urban. I once heard someone equate people with Aspergers to the Vulcan race from Star Trek. It is quite a fitting description.Vulcans are typically calm, rational, and even keeled people, but lord help you if you manage to anger one. They do not like to be touched and have a muted sense of their own, and others, emotions (although in truth both are so sensitive that we have to shut off our emp athy in order to function). Spock, the most commonly known Vulcan, exhibits this range of emotions in the JJ Abrams 2009 Star Trek remake movie. He is coolly rational, even as his planet is destroyed, but becomes near bloody after Kirk starts throwing disparaging comments about his mother.Even so Captain Kirk and Mr. Spock are two-thirds of a trio that has foregone down in pop culture legend along with the ever snarky Dr. McCoy. The Freudian trio that everyone so loves shows that there needs to be a balance of soulfulnessalities which in the case of Star Trek, as in so many others, is the cold and logical (Spock), the emotional and humanistic (McCoy), and the rational and intuitive (Kirk). there are so many labels that get thrown on people throughout their lifetime jarhead, slut, and geek on the dot to name a few.Not many people strictly fit in to just the one singular box to which society relegates us. Really, who wants to fit in just one category? Every person is, as my frien d Marilyn would say, a unique and beautiful snowflake. Having Aspergers certainly qualifies me as a special snowflake, but there are some drawbacks. One of those is that we find it incredibly difficult to converse our personal lives and often the only people who are aware of our personal thoughts and feelings are those who are in our close inner circle. One of my inner circle in high school was a little girl named Jules.She was, without a doubt, the poster child for the school. She was beautiful, the head cheerleader who competed in beauty pageants and was the prom princess. It would have been so halcyon for her to have been content with being well loved by the community just because she was pretty and popular. Jules was not like that though. She was the vice president of our class three years running. She graduated a mere . 0002 from being the salutatorian. She was involved in the student community service club and the schools religious protagonism team.Jules could have been con tent with her place as a cheerleader in the status quo, but she chose to defy societys expectations of her. Within those societal labels is one of the most interesting phenomena the labels are so generalized. Take for cause the geek or nerd box. It is a label that I accept as one of the imminent fit for identifying me because I love to read, can quote passages of Harry Potter on a whim, and conk entirely too much of my time on FanFiction, just to name of few of my personal quirks. There are so many different ways that people are relegated to this outlier corner.Trekkies, Whovians, people who like anime and manga, movie nerds, and people who love working with technology are just small portion of the different kinds of people that are defined as a nerd. The labels that limit us so much do not even completely define us. They do not fully describe who we are as people or give full insight into our personalities. In my lifetime some of the most extroverted, party-hard people were nerd s and some of the quietest and shy were cheerleaders. Bringing us full circle, I am an Aspie. However, I have gotten let on with time and a little coaching at understanding social cues.I understand that the verbalise that I have been going on for the last three pages probably does not interest you. You have done the exact same things before. You have gone on and on about something that you are choleric about without regard for the interest level of those around you. I could go on for hours, yet sometimes being concise is better. I doubt there are many people who have not at least heard of The eat Club. Its last remarks so poignantly drives the concept home Brian Johnson You imagine us as you want to see us In the simplest terms, in the most convenient definitions. precisely what we found out is that each one of us is a brain Andrew Clark and an athlete Allison Reynolds and a basketball hoop case Claire Standish a princess John Bender and a criminal Brian Johnson Does that answer your question? Sincerely yours, the Breakfast Club. To you, who, whatever box you may have been stuck in or maybe even embraced all on your own, remember labels are just for cans of soup. The Breakfast Club. Dir. John Hughes. Perf. Emilio Estevez, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald. 1985. Universal, 2003. DVD.

Monopoly and perfect competition Essay Example for Free

Monopoly and correct aspiration Essay unanimous on a lower floor perfect contest and the firm downstairs monopoly ar similar as the aim of ii the grocery storeer is to maximize get ahead and to minimize red. The equilibrium position followed by both the monopoly and perfect competition is MR = MC. Despite their similarities, these two forms of grocery organization differ from each former(a) in respect of worth-cost-output. there atomic number 18 many an(prenominal) points of difference which are noted below. (1)Perfect competition is the market in which there is a heroic occur of buyers and sellers. The goods sold in this market are identical. A single price prevails in the market.On the other hand monopoly is a type of imperfect market. The number of sellers is one but the number of buyers is many. A monopolist is a price-maker. In fact monopoly is the opposite of perfect competition. Firm under perfect competition and the firm under monopoly are similar as t he aim of both the seller is to maximize profit and to minimize loss. The equilibrium position followed by both the monopoly and perfect competition is MR = MC. Despite their similarities, these two forms of market organization differ from each other in respect of price-cost-output.There are many points of difference which are noted below. (2) Under perfect competition there are a large number of buyers and sellers in the market competing with each other. The price fixed by the industry is accepted by all the firms operating in the market. As against this under monopoly, there is solitary(prenominal) one single seller but a large number of buyers. The distinction between, firm and industry disappears under this type of market situation. (3) The average revenue shortens under competition and monopoly take antithetical shapes.The average revenue (price) edit under perfect competition is a horizontal not bad(p) line parallel to OX-axis. The industry demand curve or revenue curve slopes downward from left to right. But under monopoly the firm is itself the industry. There is scarcely one demand curve common both to the monopoly firm and monopoly firm and monopoly industry. The average revenue curve under monopoly slopes downward and its corresponding bare(a) revenue curve lie below the average revenue curve. Under perfect competition MR Curve is the same as AR Curve.(4) Under perfect competition price equals marginal cost at the equilibrium output, but under monopoly equilibrium price is greater than marginal cost. Under perfect competition marginal revenue is the same as average revenue at all levels of output. Thus at the equilibrium position under perfect competition marginal cost not only equals marginal revenue but also average revenue. On the other hand under monopoly both the AR and MR curve slope downward and MR curve lies below AR curve. Thus average revenue is greater than marginal revenue at all levels of output.Hence at the equilibrium output of the monopolist price stands higher(prenominal) than marginal cost. Under competition price MR=MC. In monopoly equilibrium, price MC. (5) A competitive firm makes only normal profit in the immense fountain. As against this a monopolist can make super normal profits even in the long run. In perfectly competitive market there is freedom pf entry and exit. Attracted by the paranormal profit earned by the existing firms the new competitive firms enter the market to compete a itinerary the supernormal profit. Output nobbles and profit becomes minimum. Thus in the long run a competitive firm earns only normal profit.But under monopoly the firm continues earning supernormal profits even in the long run since there are strong barriers to the entry of new firms in the monopolistic industry. (6) Under monopoly price is higher and output smaller than under perfect competition. Price output equilibrium is graphically shown in the plot given below. AR = MR curve is the demand curve under perfect competition which is horizontal straight line. The downward sloping AR and MR curve are the average revenue and marginal revenue curves under monopoly. At equilibrium point E (MR = MC) a competitive firm produces OM output at OP market price.At point F a monopoly firm attains equilibrium producing OM, output at OP, price. OP competitive price is less than OP, (OP OP,) and OM competitive output is greater than OM, output (OM OM,). (7) A monopolist can break up prices for his product, a firm working under perfect competition cannot. The monopolist will be increasing his nub profit by price discrimination if he find? Elastic ties of demand are different in different markets. As against his a competitive firm cannot change different prices from different buyers since he faces a perfectly elastic demand at the going market price.If he increases a slights rise in price he will lose the sellers and makes loss. Thus a competitive firm cannot discriminate prices which a monopoli st can do. The arguments against monopolies. A Incentives 1 There is a separation of service and payment. Because monopolies are funded through with(predicate) taxation, they cannot go bankrupt they can always get more funding from the public coffers. Therefore, monopolies name little incentive to be in effect(p). 2 Monopoly by definition means no competition. So, unsatisfied customers arrive nowhere else to take their business.Monopolies can treat their customers like scum and not lose any business. Again, they get under ones skin little incentive for efficiency. 3 The actual incentives of monopolies are completely backwards compared with market incentives. On the market, efficient use of resources is rewarded with profits and inefficiency is punished with losses. But monopolies that do good business have their budgets reduced and those who are inefficient are rewarded with an increased budget. Therefore, monopolies have strong incentives to be inefficient and strong disi ncentives to be efficient. B Calculation.1 Because service is separated from payment, monopolies have no profit and loss mechanism. Thus, they have no way to rationally allocate resources. 2 Markets, on the other hand, do operate on the profit and loss system, and can rationally allocate resources. C Morality 1 Monopolies must be enforced through initiatory violence. D Inconsistency 1 What justification is there for group X to have a monopoly? Why not group Y? 2 What is the logical conclusion? Do we monopolize everything, or nothing? What justification is there for some monopoly and some competition?

Why we need to call out casual racism Essay Example for Free

Why we call for to call out casual racialism EssayFor the go away couple of centuries, the United States of the States has been known to be a country where racism exists. Since the United States of America was founded, racism started to grow in this country. The root of the problem started when landowners started to use nasty slaves to do their work. Since accordingly whiteness pack believed they were the superior race. They treated scurrilous people as if they were animals. Yes, the U.S. is a racist country, and, we, as human being beings need to unite and work together to eliminate this behavior. What is racism? racial discrimination is not knowing anything some someone when you look at them, but disliking them anyway, not because of who they are, but because of how they look or because of the color of their skin. Racism is cowardly, and more importantly, racism is a weakness and an obvious sign of ignorance. So, what is it that makes us racist? More than potential it is fear of the unknown. In other words, it is lack of education. The moreover way to overcome this ignorance is to educate each other. Since racism is taught and not passed on by genetics from one generation to another, it is something that needs to be made sensible of. Parents have the responsibility of teaching their children about this followed by the school where their children go.Back then if a black person was accused of any wrongdoing by a white person, the black person couldnt testify against a jury and would always be found guilty without a just trial. counterbalance worse, it was very common in the 19th century and early in the 20th century for black people to be lynched or hung if they were accused of any wrongdoing. How can any country allow such(prenominal) cruel acts to be done to any of its citizens? These acts would remind us of something that was done in ancient generation when uncivilized people lived and were barbarians.Racism still exists today as there are many examples that lay out it. The latest example of this happened in Charlottesville, Virginia, where torch-bearing white supremacists shouting racist and anti-Semitic slogans marched in protest for a Southern monument that was going to be removed. Protesters and counter-protesters collided with each other that resulted inviolenceand chaos. A automobile driven by a known Nazi sympathizer mowed down a crowd of activists and then fled.The president of the United States is also an example of the racist person. He said that both white supremacists and the people against them were to be blamed for what happened. How can a president try to split the blame for what happened at Charlottesville when all the way there was only one side to blame. He also accused Mexicans of being rapist and criminals during his campaign. The only logical thing to think is that he is a racist person.A plan to eliminate, or at least reduce this behavior needs to be implemented. There needs to be a punishment for people who act in a racist manner in the public. For the first offense, a pecuniary fine has to be given to the person who acted in a racist manner. For the second offense, a higher(prenominal) fine should be given to the person. For the third offense, the person should go to prison for a few days or weeks. During his time in prison, the person should receive classes to help eliminate his way of thinking. There need to be classes in schools that teach students to be friendly with people of different race, and show them why being racist is wrong.

Evolution of Porters Five Forces Model Essay Example for Free

Evolution of porters beers Five Forces Model EssayFive forces is a framework for the diligence digest and assembly line dodge development developed by Michael E. doorman of Harvard Business School in 1979. Michael Porter is a professor at Harvard Business School andis a leading authority on warlike strategy and international agonisticalness.Michael Porter was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Five forces uses concepts developing, Industrial Organization (IO) scotchs to bear in gondoladinal forces that determine the competitive intensity and at that placefore attractive force of a market place. Attractiveness in this circumstance refers to the pains profitability. An unattractive exertion is 1 where the combination of forces acts to drive down over whole profitability. A in truth unattractive perseverance would be one approaching pure emulation.IntroductionFive Forces Model by Michael PorterFive Forces model of Michael Porter is a very elaborate concept for evalua ting compeverys competitive coiffure. Michael Porter provided a framework that models an attention and in that respectfore implicitly withalbusinesses asbeing influenced by five forces.Michael Porters Five Forces model is ofttimes used in strategic planning. Porters competitive fiveforces model is probably one of the more or lesscommonly used business strategy tools and has proven its usefulness in numerous situations when exploring strategic commission models . Three of Porters five forces refer to argument from external sources. The remainder atomic number 18 internal banes. It is useful to use Porters five forces in conjunction with devise analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and panics). A win over in any of the forces normally, requires a business unit to re-assess the marketplace give the overall change in industry information. The overall industry magnet does not imply that either firm in the industry al first base for return the same profitability. Firms atomic number 18 able to apply their loading competencies, business model or network to achieve a profit above the industry average. Porters five forces include Three forces from horizontal competition* Threat of new entrants or barriers to entry* Threat of metamorphose produces or substitutes* Threat of established rivals or competitive rivalryTwo forces from vertical competition* The talk terms power of bribeers or buyers* The bargaining power of suppliers or suppliersForce 1 Barriers to entryBarriers to entry stair how diffused or difficult it is for new entrants to enter into the industry. This can involve for example * Cost advantages (economies of scale, economies of scope)* approaching to harvest-feastion inputs and financing,* Government policies and taxation* intersection pointion cycle and learning curve* Capital requirements* Access to statistical distri andion melodic phrasesPatents, branding, and image also fall into this category.Force 2 Threat of su bstitutesEvery top ending maker has to ask How easy can our product or service be substituted? The following call for to be analyzed * How much does it speak to the customer to chastise to competing products or run?* How likely be customers to switch?* What is the cost-performance trade-off of substitutes? If a product can be easily substituted, then it is a threat to the company because it can compete with price only.Force 3 rivalrous RivalryIn this,we throw away to analyze the level of competition between existing impostors in the industry. * Is one player very predominant or all equal in strength/size?* Are at that place exit barriers?* How flying does the industry grow?* Does the industry operate at surplus or shortage?* How is the industry heavy?* How do customers identify themselves with your brand?* Is the product differentiated?* How swell up are rivals diversified?Force 4 Bargaining power of buyersNow the question is how unattackable the position of buyers i s. For example,cancustomerswork together to order large volumes to rout your profit margins? The following is a list of oppositewise examples* Buyer volume and con centimeration* What information buyers stir* agonistic price* How loyal are customers to your brand* expense sensitivity* Threat of spurward integration* How well differentiated your product is* Availability ofsubstitutesHaving a customer that has the leverage to ordain your prices is not a cracking position.Force 5 Bargaining power of suppliersThis relates to what your suppliers can do in relationship with you.* How strong is the position of sellers?* Are at that place numerous or only few potential suppliers?* Is there a monopoly?* Do you take inputs from a single supplier or from a group? (concentration)* How much do you take from each of your suppliers?* Can you easily switch from one supplier to other one? ( geological fault costs)* If you switch to other supplier, exit it affect the cost and differenti ation of your product?* Are there other suppliers with the same inputs accessible? (substitute inputs)Need for Porters five forces ModelIn general, any CEO or a strategic business manager is trying to steer his or her business in a direction where the business entrust develop an shore over rival firms. Michael Porters model of Five Forcescan be used to better understand the industry stage make upting in which the firm operates. Porters Five Forces model is a strategy tool that is used to analyze attractiveness of an industry structure. Porters Five Forces modelviews thebusiness fromoutside. It focuses on assessing competitive position within industry .Porters Five Forces model in the internal view.Automobile manufacturingThe railroad simple machine manufacturing industry is considered to be highlyworking capital and labor intensive. The study costs for producing and sell railroad railroad cable political machines include Labor While machines and robots are playing a biger role in manufacturing vehicles, there are still substantial labor costs in projecting and engineering automobilemobiles. Advertising distributively year automakers spend jillions on print and broadcast advertising, furthermore, they spent large joins of money on market research to anticipate consumer trends and preferences. The auto market is thought to be made primarily of automakers, but auto move makes up anotherlucrative sector of the market. The major areas of auto parts manufacturing are Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) The big auto manufacturers do produce some of their own parts, but they cant produce every part and function that goes into a new vehicle. Companies in this industry manufacture everything from door handles to seats.Replacement Parts Production and dispersal These are the parts that are replaced after the secure of a vehicle. Air filters, oil filers and replacement lights are examples of products from this area of the sector. Rubber Fab rication This includes everything from tires, hoses, belts, and so on In auto industry, a large proportion of tax receipts comes from selling automobiles. The parts market is even more lucrative. For example, a new rail political machine might cost $18,000 to buy, but if you bought, from the automaker, all the parts needed to construct that gondola, it would cost 300-400% more ./p A probative portion of an automakers revenue comes from the services itoffers with the new vehicle.Offering lower financial rates than financial institutions, the railway gondola car company makes a profit on financing. Extended warranties also factor into the bottom line. Greater vehemence on leasing has also helped increase revenues. The advantage of leasing is that it eases consumer fears virtually resale value, and it makes the car sound more affordable. From a makers perspective, leasing is a great way to hide the true(p) price of the vehicle through financing costs. Car companies, then, are able to push more cars through. Unfortunately, profiting on leasing is not as easy as it sounds. Leasing requires the automakers to accurately valuate the value of their vehicles at the end of the lease, otherwise they may actually lose money.Indian Automobile IndustryThe Indian automobile industry is the tenth largest in the world with an annual production of approximately 2 million units. Indian auto industry, promises to become the major self-propelled industry in the upcoming age and the industry experts are hopeful that it will touch 10 million units mark. Indian automobile industry is involved in design, development, manufacture, marketing, and sale of motor vehicles. There are a number of world(a) automotive giants that are upbeat most the expansion plans and collaboration with domestic companies to produce automobiles in India.Major car manufacturersThe major car manufacturers in India are Maruti Udyog, Hyundai Motors India Ltd., General Motors India Pvt. Ltd., Hond a Siel Cars India Ltd., Toyota Kirloskar Motor Ltd., Hindustan Motors etc.The two-wheeler manufacturers in India are Honda Motorcycle iceboat India (Pvt.) Ltd., TVS, Hero Honda, Yamaha, Bajaj, etc. The heavy motors including buses, trucks, auto rickshaws and multi- inferior vehicles are manufactured by Tata-Telco, Eicher Motors, Bajaj, Mahindra and Mahindra, etc. * The passenger car share in the Indian auto industry is exploitation by 8-9 percent.* Commercial vehicle will grow by 5.2 per cent.* India is a potential emerging auto market.* Motorcycles contribute 80% of the two-wheeler industry.* India is the largest two-wheeler manufacturer in the world.* Indias motorcycle separate will grow by 8-9 percent in the coming years. 11. India is the fifth largest commercial message message vehicle manufacturer in the world. 12. India has the number one global motorcycle manufacturer. 13. In Asia, India is the fourth largest car market.* Unlike the USA, the Indian passenger vehicle m arket is dominated by cars (79%).Used car food marketThe new chapter in the automobile industry is that of used cars. The massive demand of used cars indicates that cars are seemly change magnitudely popular. Those who cant afford the lavishness cars and their high prices are opting for used cars. In todays time, customers are sensible and diligently invest on car dealership. Car buyers are investing heavily a spread of time for both to sell a car and buy car. Theres also a number of car websites that convey offering detailed information on new car prices, used cars, car reviews, Chevrolet cars, catamount cars and luxuriousness cars. commercialize ShareAt testify major Indian, European, Korean, Nipponese automobile companies are memory significant market shares. In commercial vehicle, Tata Motors dominates over 60% of the Indian commercial vehicle market. Tata Motors is the largest mass medium and heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer.Car manufacturers in India dominate the passenger vehicle market by 79%. Maruti Suzuki is the largest car producer in India and has 52% share in passenger cars and is a complete monopoly in multi purpose vehicles.In utility vehicles Mahindra holds 42% share. Hyundai and Tata Motors is the second and third car producer in India The automobile Industry in India is now working in terms of the dynamics of an open market. Many joint ventures admit been driven up in India with foreign collaboration, both technical and financial with leading global manufacturers. Also a very large number of joint ventures wee-wee been set up in the auto-components sector and the pace is expected to pick up even further. The Government of India is keen to provide a suitable stinting, and business environment conducive to the success of the established and shotive foreign partnership ventures. $5.7 one million million is the enthronisation envisaged in the new vehicles projects.Porters five forces model on Automobile Industry1. Barrier s to Entry Its true that the average person cant come a languish and take leave manufacturing automobiles. The emergence of foreign competitors with the capital, postulate technologies and management skills began to undermine the market share of umpteen automobile companies. Globalization the tendency ofworld investment and businesses to lift from national and domestic markets to a worldwide environment, is a considerable factor affecting the auto market. more(prenominal) than ever, itis becoming easier for foreign automakers to enter the Domestic market .Automobiles depend heavily on consumer trends and tastes. While car companies do sell a large proportion of vehicles to businesses and car rental companies (fleet sales), consumer sales is the largest source of revenue. For this reason, pickings consumer and business confidence into accountshould be a high priority than considering the regular factors like earnings growth anddebt load .2. Threat of Substitutes Rather than l ooking at the threat of psyche buying a different car, there is also need to also look at the likeliness of people taking the bus, train or woodworking plane to their destination. The higher the cost of operating a vehicle, the more likely people will seek utility(a) transportation options. The price of gasoline has a large effect on consumers decisions to buy vehicles. Trucks and sport utility vehicles take a crap higher profit margins, but they also guzzle gas compared to smaller sedans and light trucks. When find the availability of substitutes you should also consider time, money, personal preference and convenience in the auto travel industry. and so decide if one car maker poses a big threat as a substitute.3. Competitive Rivalry Highly competitive industries generally earn low returns because the cost of competition is high. The auto industry is considered to be an oligopoly (A market condition in which sellers are so few that the actions of any one of them will mater ially affect price) which helps to minimize the effects of price- found competition. The automakers understand that price-based competition does not necessarily lead to increases in the size of the marketplace, historically they have tried to avoid price-based competition, but more lately the competition has escalate rebates, preferred financing and long-term warranties have helped to lure in customers, but they also put draw on the profit margins for vehicle sales.Every year, car companies update their cars. This is a part of normal trading operations, but there can be a problem when a company decides to significantly change the design of a car. These changes can cause massive delays and glitches, which result in increased costs and impenetrableer revenue growth. While a new design may pay off significantly in the long run, its always a risky proposition 4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The automobile supply business is insteadfragmented (there are many firms). Many supplie rs rely on one or two automakers to buy a majority of their products. If an automaker decided to switch suppliers, it could be devastating to the previous suppliers business. As a result, suppliers are extremely susceptible to the demands and requirements of the automobile manufacturer and hold very little power.For parts suppliers, the vivification span of an automobile is very important. The longer a car stays operational, thegreater theneed for replacement parts. On the other hand, new parts are lasting longer, which is great for consumers, but is not suchgood news for parts makers. When, for example, approximately car makers moved from using rolled steel to stainless steel, the change extended the life of parts by several years. 5. Bargaining Power of Buyers -The bargaining power of automakers are unchallenged. Consumers may become dissatisfy with many of the products being offered by certain automakers and began looking for alternatives, framely foreign cars. On the other hand, part consumers are very price sensitive, they dont have much buying power as they never purchase huge volumes of cars.Example Porters 5 Forces Model of the NANO carThere is continuing interest in the exact of the forces that impact on an organisation, particularly those that can be harnessed to provide competitive advantage. The ideas and models which emerged during the period from 1979 to the mid-1980s were based on the idea that competitive advantage came from the ability to earn a return on investment that was better than the average for the industry sector. As Porters 5 Forces analysis deals with factors outside an industry that influence the nature of competition within it, the forces inside the industry (microenvironment) that influence the way in which firms compete .BARRIERS TO ENTRY clipping and cost of entry Time is most essential thing while launching a product in any market. The launch of the NANO is quite viable as the demand of the small car is on the rise i n the market. By the cost of the entry we mean the sign capital required to set up a new firm is very high, it makes the chances of the chances of new entrants are very less. Knowledge and engineering Ideas and Knowledge that provides competitive advantage over others when patented, preventing others from using it and thus createsbarrier to entry. The TATA motors have great companionship/ experience in the automobile industry and has renowned technological advantage because of the recent acquirement and mergers. Product Differentiation and Cost Advantage The new product has to be different and attractive to be certain by the customers.Attractiveness can be measured in the terms of the features , price etc. At this level the price of the NANO car was one thing that is attracting customers. And above all this the image , trust the name TATA carries with it. Government Policy and Expected Retaliation Although authoritiess job is to preserve free competitive market, it restricts competition through regulations and restrictions. The government tried to promote the TATA Motors to start a do by providing land and tax rebates. only if the unexpected retaliation by the local people surface in the setting up of the plant which costed the company a lot. Access to Distribution Channels When a new product a launched a well developed distribution is must for its success. The TATA motors had a advantage of well established distribution channel across the world.SUBSTITUTESPrice band The threat that consumer will switch to a substitute product if there has been an increase in price of the product or there has been a decrease in price of the substitute product. If the price of the NANO car will increase the main expected customers ie the one switching from bicycle to car will not move to car and will remain in the bike only. Thus the price is kept checked in this manner. Substitutes performance The performance of the substitute sector will also play a important role in the success of the NANO car. If the price of the Bike segment increases or the price band of the small segment fall , it will have effect on the quantity required in the market.Its just on the price but also the features and the other services associated or it may be the status symbol story. The success of the electric car segment with player like REVA can also effect the demand of the NANO. Buyers willingness Products with improving price/performance tradeoffs relative to present industry products. It will determine the willingness of the buyer to but the NANO car.The willingness of the customers to go forward try the new product in the market ie NANO. They might be willing to go for the test products like Maruti 800 , Santro etc.COMPETITIVE RIVALRYNumber and Diversity of Competitor This describes the competition between the existing firms in an industry. the ongoing Business Policy Competitive Strategy scenario, the small car market in India is very competitive with player s like Maruti Suzuki, Tata Motors, Hyundai etc. which was pretty much dominated by Maruti. But with launch of Nano the 1 hundred thousand car the whole momentum of the market has shifted. Now to be competitive in market other companies have to either slash rates of their existing model or have to go back to the drawing board and build again. Price Competition Advertising battles may increase total industry demand, but may be costly to smaller competitors. Products with similar function limit the prices firms can charge. Price competition often leaves the entire industry worse off. NANO is the only player so it has the price granting immunity but as the Maruti and Honda are also planning to launch the car in the same segment the price competition will start.Exit Barriers Even if the product fails in the market its not that easy for the company to exit the market just like that because of the heavy investment it has made in the initial stage. If the NANO fails or falls flat the TA TA motors will not be in a state to slow done the product even when NANO production line can be used by the other products after few modification as for NANO only the new product line were setup and huge cost were incurred. Product Quality Increasing consumer warranties or service is very common these days. To maintain low cost, companies consistently has to make manufacturing improvements to keep the business competitive. This requires additional capital expenditure which tends to eat up companys earning. On the other hand if no one else can provide products/ services the way you do you have a monopoly. NANO enjoys the monopoly are there are no competitors in this segment.BUYERSSwitching Costs If switching to another product is simple and cheap the customers does not think much before doing it. In case of NANO car the switching cost from bike to car is too high. Thus increasing the demand of the car many fold. Number of customers/ Volume of sales If there are few buyers then the y are able to dictate the terms. They pull down the cost by Bargaining. The bargaining power of buyer is high as there are lot of choice available to the buyer and the service do not vary from one manufacturer tothe other. They force the manufactures to improve the quality. All this can be clearly seen in the case of NANO car the price tag at which it has been offered or the quality of the NANO car no compromises has been done at any front. Brand Image The brand image of the TATA and the segment in which the NANO has been the most attractive thing in the entire package.SUPPLIERSNumber and Size of Suppliers A company to manufacture its products requires raw material, labor etc. If there are few suppliers providing material essential to make a product then they can set the price high to capture more profit. Powerful suppliers can squeeze industry profitability to great extend. In case of NANO the supplier are limited and the size of the suppliers are big enough to take about the co ntrolling power in the price of the car. The NANO car has more than 128 suppliers in all and the major portion of the building cost of the car is the parts supplied by the suppliers. Unique Service / Product Suppliers products have few substitutes. Supplier industry is dominated by a few firms.The some parts of the NANO car are obtain from the supplier who them are big enough and limited substitutes are available against them. So the entire production line depends upon them only. Ability to substitute Suppliers products have high switching costs. In many case even when substitute are available its not that easy to opt for substitute as the next product in the assembly line depends upon it. If the change in the any part is brought about the long list of depended parts also have to be changed , which in most cases is not viable to do.Tata motors strengthsThe internationalisation strategy so far has been to keep local managers in new acquisitions, and to only transpose a couple of senior managers from India into the new market. The benefit is that Tata has been able to exchange expertise. For example after the Daewoo acquisition the Indian company leaned work discipline and how to get the final product right first time. Tata Motors expressage acquired Daewoo Motors Commercial vehicle business in 2004 for around USD $16 million. The company has had a successful hamper with Italian mass producer Fiat since 2006. This hasenhanced the product portfolio for Tata and Fiat in terms of production, acquaintance exchange , logistics and its infrastructure. In the summer of 2008 Tata Motors successfully purchased the Land Rover and Jaguar brands from Ford Motors for UK 2.3 million. Two of the Worlds luxury car brand have been added to its portfolio of brands, and has undoubtedly off the company the chance to market vehicles in the luxury segments. NANO is the cheapest car in the World. The range of Super Milo fuel efficient buses are powered by super-efficient, eco -friendly engines. Tata motors weaknessesThe companys passenger car products are based upon 3rd and 4th generation platforms, which put Tata Motors restrict at a disadvantage with competing car manufacturers. Despite buying the Jaguar and Land Rover brands Tata has not got a foothold in the luxury car segment in its domestic, Indian market. The brand associated with commercial vehicles and affordable passenger cars to the extent that it has isolated itself from lucrative segments in a more aspiring India. Other competing car manufacturers have been in the passenger car business for 40, 50 or more years. Therefore Tata Motors Limited has to press stud up in terms of quality and lean production. Sustainability and environmentalism could mean extra costs for this cheap producer. This could impact its underpinning competitive advantage. Obviously, as Tata globalises and buys into other brands this problem could be alleviated.Attractiveness of the Automobile Industry for investment purpose Economic reforms and deregulation have transformed that scene. India has already become one of the fastest growing automobile markets in the world. The Indian automobile industry is going through a technological change where each firm is engaged in changing its processes and technologies to maintain the competitive advantage and provide customers with the optimized products and services. beginning from the two wheelers, trucks, and tractors to the multi utility vehicles, commercial vehicles and the luxury vehicles, the Indian automobile industry has achieved splendid achievement in the recent years. In the Indian economy, auto industry maintains a high-flying place. Automobile industry has a strong multiplier effect and is capable of being the driver of economic growth. A sound transportation dodge plays anessential role in the countrys rapid economic and industrial development.The well-developed Indian automotive industry skilfully fulfils this catalytic role by produci ng a wide variety of vehicles passenger cars, light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles, multi-utility vehicles such as jeeps, scooters, motorcycles, mopeds, three wheelers, tractors etc. The automotive sector is one of the core industries of the Indian economy, whose prospect is reflective of the economic resilience of the country. Continuous economic liberalization over the years by the government of India has resulted in making India as one of the prime business destination for many global automotive players. The automotive sector in India is growing at around 18 per cent per annum. The auto industry is just a multiplier, a driver for employment, for investment, for technology.The Indian automotive industry started its new journey from 1991 with delicensing of the sector and subsequent opening up for 100 per cent FDI through automatic route.The automobile sector has been change its share to the shining economic performance of India in the recent years. With the Indian middle tier earning higher per capita income, more people are ready to own private vehicles including cars and two-wheelers. Product movements and manned services have boosted in the sales of medium and sized commercial vehicles for passenger and goods transport. Side by side with crisp vehicle sales growth, the automotive components sector has stunnered big growth. The domestic auto components consumption has crossed rupees 9000 crore and an export of one half size of this figure. India is on the peak of the Foreign Direct Investment wave. FDI flows into India trebled from $19 billion in 2006-07 and $25 billion in 2007-08.By AT Kearneys FDI Confidence Index 2006, India is the second most attractive FDI destination after China, pushing the US to the third position. It is commonly believed that soon India will catch up with China. India is up-and-coming a significant manufacturer, especially of electrical and electronic equipment, automobiles and auto-parts . The country is expected to w itness over Rs 30,000 crore of investment by 2010.Over the next one year, some 20 new cars will be seen on Indian roads. Maruti Udyog has set up the second car plant with a manufacturing depicted object of 2.5 lakh units per annum for an investment of Rs 6,500 crore (Rs 3,200 crore for diesel engines and Rs 2,718 crore for the car plant itself). Hyundai and Tata Motors have announced plans forinvesting a similar amount over the next 3 years. Hyundai will bring in more than Rs 3,800 crore to India, Tata Motors will be investing Rs 2,000 crore in its small car project. General Motors will be investing Rs 100 crore, Ford about Rs 350 crore and Toyota announced modest expansion plans even as Honda Siel has earmarked Rs 3,000 crore over the next decade for India a big chunk of this should come by 2010 since the company is also looking to enter the lucrative small car segment.Commercial vehicle segment, Ashok Leyland and Tata Motors have each announced well over Rs 1,000 crore of inves tment. Mahindra Mahindras joint venture with multinational Trucks is expected to see an infusion of at least Rs 500 crore. Hero Honda is about to establish its fourth manufacturing plant. Bajaj Auto and TVS Motors are moving to the excise-free zones of Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal for putting up new capacity. The growth of the Indian middle class along with the growth of the economy over the past few years has attracted global auto big league to the Indian market. Moreover, India provides trained manpower at competitive costs making India a favoured global manufacturing hub. The attractiveness of the Indian markets on one hand and the stagnation of the auto sector in markets such as Europe, US and Japan on the other have resulted in shifting of new capacities and flow of capital to the Indian automobile industry.Global auto majors such as Japanese auto majors Suzuki, Honda and Korean car giant Hyundai are increasingly banking on their Indian operations to add weightiness to their businesses, even as numbers stay uncertain in developed markets due to economic quoin and slowdown. Moreover, tally to a study released by global consultancy firm Deloitte, at least one Indian company will be among the top six carmakers that would dominate the global auto industry by 2020. According to the study, the car industry would see a massive capacity building in cheap locations like India as manufacturers shift base from developed regions.ProductionAlthough the sector was hit by economic slowdown, overall production (passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, two wheelers and three wheelers) increased from 10.85 million vehicles in 2007-08 to 11.17 million vehicles in 2008-09. Passenger vehicles increased marginally from 1.77 million to 1.83 million while two-wheelers increased from 8.02 million to 8.41 million.In recent times, India has emerged as one of the positron emission tomography investment destinations for automotive manufacturers. * German car major Audi wi ll start assembling its sports utility vehicle Audi Q5 from mid-2010. The company plans to assemble more cars locally at its Aurangabad plant instead of importing completely built units (CBUs).* Ford India commenced commercial production of its compact car Figo, and diesel and accelerator engines at a new factory in Chennai. The Figo will be built exclusively in India and exported to Asian countries and South Africa.* Japanese major Nissan has decided to shift the entire production of its small car, Micra, from the UK to India. afterward production of the Micra begins here, Nissan plans to manufacture four more models in India, involving a total investment of over US$ 412.2 million.* Suzuki Motorcycle India (SMIPL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Japanese auto major Suzuki Motor Corporation, plans to double production capacity of its two-wheelers to 300,000 units by the end of the menstruation fiscal year. The company will invest US$ 26.77 million.* Volkswagen has set a target to l ocalise production in India to about 80 per cent in 2-3 years from the current levels of almost 50 per cent as it seeks to offer cars at more competitive prices.Domestic MarketAccording to figures released by the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), domestic passenger car sales have increased 32.28 per cent to reach 145,905 units in January 2010 from 110,300 units in the same month last year. Across all categories, total sale of vehicles increased 44.94 per cent to 1,114,157 units in January 2010, against 768,698 units in the January 2009.Road AheadThe Indian auto industry is likely to see a growth of 10-12 per cent in sales in 2010, according to a report by the global rating firm, Fitch. Accordingto its report, Indian Auto Sector Outlook, competition in the countrys auto sector is likely to increase due to increasing penetration of global legitimate equipment manufacturers (OEM).ConclusionThe average person cant come along and start manufacturing automobiles. The eme rgence of foreign competitors with the capital, required technologies and management skills began to undermine the market share of many automobile companies.Rather than looking at the threat of someone buying a different car, there is also need to also look at the likelihood of people taking the bus, train or airplane to their destination. The auto industry is considered to be an oligopoly. Many suppliers rely on one or two automakers to buy a majority of their products. If an automaker decided to switch suppliers, it could be devastating to the previous suppliers business.The bargaining power of automakers are unchallenged. Consumers are very price sensitive, they dont have much buying power as they never purchase huge volumes of cars Indian automobile industry has achieved splendid achievement in the recent years. India is on the peak of the Foreign Direct Investment. The attractiveness of the Indian markets on one hand and the stagnation of the auto sector in markets such as Euro pe, US and Japan on the other have resulted in shifting of new capacities and flow of capital to the Indian automobile industry. India is a significant manufacturer of automobiles and auto-parts.Global auto majors such as Japanese auto majors Suzuki, Honda and Korean car giant Hyundai are increasingly banking on their Indian operations to add weight to their businesses .The car industry would see a massive capacity building in low-cost locations like India as manufacturers shift base from developed regions. Although the sector was hit by economic slowdown but it doesnt effect the overall production of automobiles. In recent times, India has emerged as one of the favourite investment destinations for automotive manufacturers. The Indian auto industry is likely to see a growth of 10-12 per cent in sales in 2010.Competition in the countrys auto sector is likely to increase due to increasing penetration of global original equipment manufacturersReferenceshttp//www.workosaur.com/auto-ind ustry-overview/http//www.ibef.org/industry/automobiles.aspxhttp//www.investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/porter.asp http//ayushveda.com/blogs/business/indian-automobile-industry-and-michael-porters-five-forces-model-of-industry-forces/ http//www.indiastudychannel.com/projects/2663-A-STUDY-OF-CONSUMER-SATISFACTION-IN-AUTOMOBILE-INDUSTORY-IN-URBAN-CITY.aspx http//www.scribd.com/doc/18220669/Michael-Porters-Five-Forces-Analysis-TATA-Motors http//www.automobileindia.com/automobile-industry/http//www.wikinvest.com/industry/Auto_MakersRead more http//www.businessteacher.org.uk/free-business-essays/porters-five-forces-model.phpixzz2Hs7eQILu